The history of interpretation of Paradise Lost has itself seen only inconsistent and uncertain attention given to the topic of contemporaneous science. If this Galileo’s telescope in John Milton’s Paradise Lost history has often emphasized Paradise Lost as a great epic work in a predominantly literary tradition; a theologicopolitical rewriting of Biblical tropes; an encyclopaedic philosophical essay on abiding problems of free-will and history; a post-Republican lament for the Republic; and so on, it has never really taken on the full force of the scientific revolution, nor its impact upon the writing, publication, and reception of the poem