The paper provides the analysis of the influence of surface water quality, in particular the hydrochemical regime of rivers and canals of the Chirchik and Akhangaran river basins, on the health of rural population in districts of the Tashkent region. The method of nosogeographic analysis has been used to compare the materials of medical statistics and the observed values of the hydrochemical regime of surface waters within the Tashkent region, and the multifactor regression analysis to process the observational materials. The results of assessing the risk of morbidity growth rate in Tashkent region are presented as equations of multifactor regression analysis with the corresponding coefficients of determination. In general, in the Tashkent region, the coefficient of multiple determination is 0.38. More than 30% of all factors affecting the morbidity of the population corresponds to hydrochemical regime of surface watershed, while the rest of 70% to other determining factors – genetic, medical support, conditions and lifestyle, general state of environment. A new approach has been applied to assess the effect of water quality on the health of the rural population and the morbidity risk. Based on this approach, preventive measures can be developed to reduce the overall morbidity of the rural population.