The article examines modern forms of slavery as one of the key issues in human rights violations. An analysis is provided of various forms of exploitation, including forced labor, human trafficking, debt bondage, forced child labor, and forced marriages, as well as their prevalence worldwide. Special attention is paid to international legal mechanisms and their effectiveness, including UN Conventions, the International Labour Organization (ILO), and regional agreements. The main causes and consequences of modern exploitation are described, supported by statistical data and opinions from leading researchers. In conclusion, the article suggests measures to improve national legislation, strengthen international cooperation, raise public awareness, provide victim support, and implement new technologies