The national aesthetics of Chinese piano works is a unique embodiment of the fusion of Chinese and Western music cultures, and it demonstrates the artistic wisdom and cultural heritage of the Chinese nation. This paper takes "the national aesthetics of Chinese piano works" as the research object, and discusses it from two levels: national aesthetic characteristics and aesthetic interpretation. In terms of performance technology, the unique expressiveness of national music is reflected through the delicate processing of melody lines, the color presentation of national harmony, the simulation and shaping of timbre, and the elastic grasp of rhythm; in terms of emotional expression, the works not only focus on the creation of traditional lyrical artistic conception, but also show the national cultural spirit through a variety of creative themes. The study shows that the national aesthetics of Chinese piano works is rooted in the deep soil of traditional music culture, and is constantly innovating in the context of modern music, forming an artistic expression that is both national and cosmopolitan. This study is of great significance for understanding the aesthetic value of Chinese piano music and promoting the modern expression of national music.