БИЛИАРНЫЕ ОСЛОЖНЕНИЯ ПОСЛЕ РЕЗЕКЦИЙ ПЕЧЕНИ: ЭТИОПАТОГЕНЕЗ, СТЕПЕНИ ТЯЖЕСТИ, ДИАГНОСТИКА И ЛЕЧЕНИЕ

Vishnevskiy  Vladimir  Aleksandrovich; Stepanova  Yuliya  Aleksandrovna; Chjao  Aleksey  Vladimirovich; Botiraliyev  Aziz  Shukurjonovich

doi:10.24411/2181-0443/2020-10099

378

Name of journalRE-HEALTH
Number of edition2.3-2020
View count 378

Web Address https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/biliarnye-oslozhneniya-posle-rezektsiy-pecheni-etiopatogenez-stepeni-tyazhesti-diagnostika-i-lechenie

DOI 10.24411/2181-0443/2020-10099

Date of creation in the UzSCI system 31-01-2021

Read count 328

Date of publication 30-01-2021

Main LanguageRus

Pages134-148

Tags

Ўзбек

Аннотация. В статье представлено современное состояние проблемы билиарных осложнений после резекций печени. Проанализированы и обсуждены вопросы этиопатогенеза, степени тяжести, диагностики и лечения билиарных осложнений после резекции печени.

Tags

диагностика

резекция печени

билиарные осложнения

степени тяжести

English

Annotation. The article presents the current state of the problem of biliary complications after liver resections. Issues of etiopathogenesis, severity, diagnosis and treatment of biliary complications after liver resection are analyzed and discussed.

Tags

diagnosis

liver resection

biliary complications

severity

Ўзбек

Аннотация. Мақолада жигар резекциясидан кейинги билиар асоратларнинг замонавий ҳолати баён қилинган. Жигар резекциясидан кейинги билиар асоратларнинг этиопатогенези, оғирлик даражалари, диагностикаси ва даволаш муаммолари тахлил қилинган.

Tags

диагностика

жигар резекцияси

билиар асоратлар

оғирлик даражалари

№ Author name position Name of organisation

1 Vishnevskiy V.A. . Moskva

2 Stepanova Y.A. . Moskva

3 Chjao A.V. . Moskva

4 Botiraliyev A.S. . ASMI

№ Name of reference

1 1. Вишневский В.А. и др. Операции на печени //М.: Миклош., 003. – 164 с.

2 2. Вишневский В.А. и др. Пострезекционная печеночная недостаточность: современные проблемы определения, эпидемиологии, патогенеза, оценки факторов риска, профилактики и лечения // Український журнал хірургії. – 2013. – №.3. – С. 172-182.

3 3. Котельникова Л.П., Гребенкина С.В., Трушников Д.В. Билиарные осложнения после резекции печени. Экспериментальная и клиническая гастроэнтерология. 2018; (8): 99-106.

4 4. Федоров В.Д., Вишневский В.А., Назаренко Н.А., Техника резекции печени [Электронный ресурс]/medbe. – 2015/ – Режим доступа: http://medbe.ru/materials/khirurgiya-pecheni/obshirnye-rezektsii-pecheni/ (дата обращения: 7.11.19).s for malignancy //Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery. – 2010. – Vol. 14, №. 11. – P. 1770-1781.

5 5. Ahmad F, Saunders R.N, Lloyd G.M, et al. An algorithm for the management of bile leak following laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2007; 89: 51-6.

6 6. Aksoz K, Unsal B, Yoruk G, et al. Endoscopic sphincterotomy alone in the management of low-grade biliary leaks due to cholecystectomy. Dig Endosc 2009; 21: 15861.

7 7. Belgihiti, J., Clavien, P.A., and Gadzijev. The Brisbane 2000 terminology of liver anatomy and resections. HPB. 2000; 2: 333–339.

8 8. Bile Leakage After Hepatectomy for Liver Tumors. Takaaki Osawa, Tsuyoshi Sano, Yoshiki Senda, Seiji Natsume, Yasuhiro Shimizu – 2012.

9 9. Boraschi P, Donati F, RossiM, GhinolfiD, Filipponi F, Falaschi F. Role of MDCT in the detection of early abdominal complications after orthotopic liver transplantation.Clin Imaging 2016; 40(6): 1200-1206.

10 10. Braithwaite B.M, Cabanilla L.T, Lilly M. Hepatic subcapsular biloma: a rare complication of laparoscopic cholecystectomy and common bile duct exploration. Curr Surg 2003; 60(2): 196-198.

11 11. Cescon M, Vetrone G, Grazi GL et al (2009) Trends in perioperative outcome after hepatic resection: analysis of 1500 consecutive unselected cases over 20 years. Ann Surg 249: 995-1002.

12 12. Chang I.S, Rhim H, Kim S.H, et al. Biloma formation after radiofrequency ablation of hepatocellular carcinoma: incidence, imaging features, and clinical significance. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2010; 195(5): 1131-1136.

13 13. Combined radiologic and endoscopic treatment (using the “rendezvous technique”) of a biliary fistula following left hepatectomy Aurélien Gracient, Lionel Rebibo, Richard Delcenserie, Thierry Yzet, Jean-Marc Regimbeau – 2015.

14 14. Copelan A, Bahoura L, Tardy F, Kirsch M, Sokhandon F, Kapoor B. Etiology, diagnosis, and management of bilomas: a current update. Tech Vasc Interv Radiol 2015; 18(4): 236-243.

15 15. Couinaud C. Contribution of anatomical research to liver surgery //France Medecine. – 1956. – Vol. 19, №. 5. – P. 5.

16 16. Dewhurst C, Kane R.A, Mhuircheartaigh J.N, Brook O, Sun M, Siewert B. Complication rate of ultrasound-guided percutaneous cholecystostomy in patients with coagulopathy. AJR Am J Roentgenol -2012; 199(6): 753-760.

17 17. Diagnosis and Management of Postoperative Biliary Leaks Arian M. Nikpour, M.D, R. Justin Knebel, Danny Cheng – 2012.

18 18. Dindo D, Demartines N, Clavien PA. Classification of surgical complications: a new proposal with evaluation in a cohort of 6336 patients and results of a survey. Ann Surg 2004; 240(2): 205-213.

19 19. Donadon M. et al. Safe hepatectomy selection criteria for hepatocellular carcinoma patients: a validation of 336 consecutive hepatectomies. The BILCHE Score //World journal of surgery. – 2015. – Vol. 39, №. 1. – P. 237-243.

20 20. Ebata T, Yokoyama Y, Igami T et al (2012) Portal vein embolization before extended hepatectomy for biliary cancer: current technique and review of 494 consecutive embolizations. Dig Surg 29: 23-29.

21 21. Endoscopic management is the treatment of choice for bile leaks after liver resection Alexander Dechêne, Christoph Jochum, Christian Fingas, Andreas Paul, Dominik Heider, Wing-Kin Syn, Guido Gerken, Ali Anbay, Thomas Zöpf, Essen, arlsruhe, Germany; London, United Kingdom – 2014.

22 22. Extra-anatomic “Rendezvous” Technique in Management of Biliary Complications Following Liver Surgery: A Technical Note – 2019.

23 23. Faber W. Schöning W., Denecke T. Therapie chronisch persistierender Biliome nach Leberresektion durch enterale Drainage.

24 24. Farges O. et al. Risk of major liver resection in patients with underlying chronic liver disease: a reappraisal //Annals of surgery. – 1999. – Vol. 9, №. . – P. 210.

25 25. Franklin G.A, Richardson J.D, Brown A.L, et al. Prevention of bile peritonitis by laparoscopic evacuation and lavage after nonoperative treatment of liver injuries. Am Surg 2007;73(6): 611–616.

26 26. Gould L, Patel A. Ultrasound detection of extrahepatic encapsulated bile: “biloma”. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1979;132(6):1014–1015.

27 27. Guo-wei Zhang, Jian-hua Lin, Jian-ping Qian, Jie Zhou Analyzing risk factors for early postoperative bile leakage based on Clavien classification in bile duct stones International Journal of Surgery 12 (2014) 757-761.

28 28. Imaging and Intervention of Biliary Leaks and Bilomas Harshna V. Vadvala, Ronald S. Arellano. – 2017. 29. Jagannath S, Kalloo AN. Biliary complications after liver transplantation. Curr Treat Options Gastroenterol 2002;/5:/101/12.

29 30. Jin S, Fu Q, Wuyun G, Wuyun T. Management of posthepatectomy complications. World J Gastroenterol 2013; 19: 7983-7991.

30 31. Johnson P.J, Berhane S, Kagebayashi C, et al. Assessment of liver function in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: a new evidence-based approach-the ALBI grade. J Clin Oncol. 2015;33:550-558.

31 32. Kandarpa K, Machan L. Handbook of Interventional Radiologic Procedures. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2011.

32 33. Kantarcı M, Pirimoglu B, Karabulut N, et al. Non-invasive detection of biliary leaks using Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MR cholangiography: comparison with T2-weighted MR cholangiography. Eur Radiol 2013;23(10): 2713-2722.

33 34. Koch M, Garden O.J, Padbury R et al (2011) Bile leakage after hepatobiliary and pancreatic surgery: a definition and grading of severity by the International Study Group of Liver Surgery. Surgery 149:680–688.

34 35. Liver failure posthepatectomy and biliary fistula: multidisciplinar treatment. Case report Javier Calleja-Kempin, Arturo Colуn-Rodrнguez, Pedro Machado-Liendo, Agustнn-Acevedo, Jorge Martнn-Gil.

35 36. Lo C.M, Fan S.T, Liu C.L et al (1998) Biliary complications after hepatic resection: risk factors, management, and outcome. Arch Surg 133:156–161

36 37. Location of a biliary leak after liver resection determines success of endoscopic treatment Anja Schaible, Peter Schemmer, Thilo Hackert, Christian Rupp, Anna E. Schulze Schleithoff, Daniel N. Gotthardt, Markus W. Buchler Peter Sauer – 2016.

37 38. Location of bile leak predicts the success of ERCP performed for postoperative bile leaks Sumeet K. Tewani, Brian G. Turner, Ram Chuttani, Douglas K. Pleskow, Mandeep S. Sawhney, Boston, Massachusetts; New York, New York, USA.

38 39. Masayuki Ishii, Toru Mizuguchi, Kohei Harada, Shigenori Ota, Makoto Meguro, Tomomi Ueki, Toshihiko Nishidate, Kenji Okita, Koichi Hirata Comprehensive review of post-liver resection surgical complications and a new universal classification and grading system World J Hepatol 2014 October 27; 6(10): 745-751.

39 40. Melamud K, LeBedis CA, Anderson SW, Soto JA. Biliary imaging: multimodality approach to imaging of biliary injuries and their complications. Radiographics 2014;34(3): 613–623.

40 41. Meng X.C, Huang W.S, Xie P.Y, et al. Role of multi-detector computed tomography for biliary complications after liver resection. World J Gastroenterol 2014;20(33):11856-11864.

41 42. Nagano Y, Togo S, Tanaka K, Masui H, Endo I, Sekido H, et al. Risk factors and management of bile leakage after hepatic resection. World J Surg. 2003;27:695–698.

42 43. Nikpour A.M, Knebel R.J, Cheng D. Diagnosis and management of postoperative biliary leaks. Semin Intervent Radiol 2016;33(4): 307–312.

43 44. Ogul H, Kantarci M, Pirimoglu B, et al. The efficiency of Gd-EOBDTPA- enhanced magnetic resonance cholangiography in living donor liver transplantation: a preliminary study. Clin Transplant 2014;28(3):354–360.

44 45. Patel I.J, Davidson J.C, Nikolic B, et al; Standards of Practice Committee, with Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiological Society of Europe (CIRSE) Endorsement. Consensus guidelines for periprocedural management of coagulation status and hemostasis risk in percutaneous image-guided interventions. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2012;23(6):727–736.

45 46. Patel N.B, Oto A, Thomas S. Multidetector CT of emergent biliary pathologic conditions. Radiographics 2013;33(7):1867–1888.

46 47. Pecchi A, DeSantis M, DiBenedetto F.K, Gibertini M. Role ofmagnetic resonance cholangiography in biliary complications of orthotopic liver transplantation. Radiol Med 2010;115(7):1065–1079

47 48. Pomerantz B.J. Biliary tract interventions. Tech Vasc Interv Radiol 2009;12(2):162–170.

48 49. Poon R.T, Fan S.T, Lo C.M et al (2004) Improving perioperative outcome expands the role of hepatectomy in management of benign and malignant hepatobiliary diseases: analysis of 1222 consecutive patients from a prospective database. Ann Surg 240(4):698–710.

49 50. Rendezvous procedure for the treatment of bile leaks and injury following segmental hepatectomy John Y. Nasra, Jana G. Hashasha, Philip Oronsb, Wallis Marshc, Adam Slivkaa, a Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA b Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA c Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA - 2013.

50 51. Sandha G.S, Bourke M.J, Haber G.B, et al. Endoscopic therapy for bile leak based on a new classification: results in 207 patients. Gastrointest Endosc 2004;60:567-74.

51 52. Sebagh M, Yilmaz F, Karam V, Falissard B, Roche B, Azoulay D, et al. The histologic pattern of ‘‘biliary tract pathology’’ is accurate for the diagnosis of biliary complications. Am J Surg Pathol 2005;/29:/318/23.

52 53. Shigemura T, Yamamoto F, Shilpakar SK, Kojima T, Yamamoto S, Pu Y.MRI differential diagnosis of intrahepatic biloma fromsubacute hematoma. Abdom Imaging 1995;20(3):211–213

53 54. Sun H.C, Qin L.X, Lu L. et al (2006) Randomized clinical trial of the effects of abdominal drainage after elective hepatectomy using the crushing clamp method. Br J Surg 93(4):422–426.

54 55. Sung R.S, Campbell D.A, Rudich S.M, Punch J.D, Shieck V.L, Armstrong J.M, et al. Long-term follow-up of percutaneous transhepatic balloon cholangioplasty in the management of biliary strictures after liver transplantation. Transplantation 2004;/77:/110/5.

55 56. T-drain reduces the incidence of biliary leakage after liver resection Dennis Eurich, S. Henze, S. Boas-Knoop, J. Pratschke, D. Seehofer – 2012.

56 57. Thompson C.M, Saad N.E, Quazi R.R, Darcy M.D, Picus D.D, Menias C.O. Management of iatrogenic bile duct injuries: role of the interventional radiologist. Radiographics 2013;33(1):117–134.

57 58. Tsai M.J, Chen J.D, Tiu C.M, Chou Y.H, Hu S.C, Chang C.Y. Can acute cholecystitis with gallbladder perforation be detected preoperatively by computed tomography in ED? Correlation with clinical data and computed tomography features. Am J Emerg Med 2009; 27(5):574–581

58 59. Vazquez J.L, Thorsen M.K, Dodds W.J, et al. Evaluation and treatment of intraabdominal bilomas. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1985;144(5): 933–938.

59 60. Xiong J.J, Altaf K, Javed M.A, Huang W, Mukherjee R, Mai G, Sutton R, Liu X.B, Hu W.M. Meta-analysis of laparoscopic vs open liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Gastroenterol 2012; 18: 6657-6668 [PMID: 23236242 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v18.i45.6657].

60 61. Yoon W, Jeong Y.Y, Kim J.K, et al. CT in blunt liver trauma. Radiographics 2005;25(1):87–104.

61 62. Yoshiro Taguchi, Tomoki Ebata, Yukihiro Yokoyama, Tsuyoshi Igami, Gen Sugawara, Toshio Kokuryo, Kenji Wakai, Masato Nagino. The Determination of Bile Leakage in Complex Hepatectomy Based on the Guidelines of the International Study Group of Liver Surgery. World JSurg (2014) 38:168–176.

62 62. Yoshiro Taguchi, Tomoki Ebata, Yukihiro Yokoyama, Tsuyoshi Igami, Gen Sugawara, Toshio Kokuryo, Kenji Wakai, Masato Nagino. The Determination of Bile Leakage in Complex Hepatectomy Based on the Guidelines of the International Study Group of Liver Surgery. World JSurg (2014) 38:168–176.

Waiting

№	Author name	position	Name of organisation
1	Vishnevskiy V.A.	.	Moskva
2	Stepanova Y.A.	.	Moskva
3	Chjao A.V.	.	Moskva
4	Botiraliyev A.S.	.	ASMI

№	Name of reference
1	1. Вишневский В.А. и др. Операции на печени //М.: Миклош., 003. – 164 с.
2	2. Вишневский В.А. и др. Пострезекционная печеночная недостаточность: современные проблемы определения, эпидемиологии, патогенеза, оценки факторов риска, профилактики и лечения // Український журнал хірургії. – 2013. – №.3. – С. 172-182.
3	3. Котельникова Л.П., Гребенкина С.В., Трушников Д.В. Билиарные осложнения после резекции печени. Экспериментальная и клиническая гастроэнтерология. 2018; (8): 99-106.
4	4. Федоров В.Д., Вишневский В.А., Назаренко Н.А., Техника резекции печени [Электронный ресурс]/medbe. – 2015/ – Режим доступа: http://medbe.ru/materials/khirurgiya-pecheni/obshirnye-rezektsii-pecheni/ (дата обращения: 7.11.19).s for malignancy //Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery. – 2010. – Vol. 14, №. 11. – P. 1770-1781.
5	5. Ahmad F, Saunders R.N, Lloyd G.M, et al. An algorithm for the management of bile leak following laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2007; 89: 51-6.
6	6. Aksoz K, Unsal B, Yoruk G, et al. Endoscopic sphincterotomy alone in the management of low-grade biliary leaks due to cholecystectomy. Dig Endosc 2009; 21: 15861.
7	7. Belgihiti, J., Clavien, P.A., and Gadzijev. The Brisbane 2000 terminology of liver anatomy and resections. HPB. 2000; 2: 333–339.
8	8. Bile Leakage After Hepatectomy for Liver Tumors. Takaaki Osawa, Tsuyoshi Sano, Yoshiki Senda, Seiji Natsume, Yasuhiro Shimizu – 2012.
9	9. Boraschi P, Donati F, RossiM, GhinolfiD, Filipponi F, Falaschi F. Role of MDCT in the detection of early abdominal complications after orthotopic liver transplantation.Clin Imaging 2016; 40(6): 1200-1206.
10	10. Braithwaite B.M, Cabanilla L.T, Lilly M. Hepatic subcapsular biloma: a rare complication of laparoscopic cholecystectomy and common bile duct exploration. Curr Surg 2003; 60(2): 196-198.
11	11. Cescon M, Vetrone G, Grazi GL et al (2009) Trends in perioperative outcome after hepatic resection: analysis of 1500 consecutive unselected cases over 20 years. Ann Surg 249: 995-1002.
12	12. Chang I.S, Rhim H, Kim S.H, et al. Biloma formation after radiofrequency ablation of hepatocellular carcinoma: incidence, imaging features, and clinical significance. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2010; 195(5): 1131-1136.
13	13. Combined radiologic and endoscopic treatment (using the “rendezvous technique”) of a biliary fistula following left hepatectomy Aurélien Gracient, Lionel Rebibo, Richard Delcenserie, Thierry Yzet, Jean-Marc Regimbeau – 2015.
14	14. Copelan A, Bahoura L, Tardy F, Kirsch M, Sokhandon F, Kapoor B. Etiology, diagnosis, and management of bilomas: a current update. Tech Vasc Interv Radiol 2015; 18(4): 236-243.
15	15. Couinaud C. Contribution of anatomical research to liver surgery //France Medecine. – 1956. – Vol. 19, №. 5. – P. 5.
16	16. Dewhurst C, Kane R.A, Mhuircheartaigh J.N, Brook O, Sun M, Siewert B. Complication rate of ultrasound-guided percutaneous cholecystostomy in patients with coagulopathy. AJR Am J Roentgenol -2012; 199(6): 753-760.
17	17. Diagnosis and Management of Postoperative Biliary Leaks Arian M. Nikpour, M.D, R. Justin Knebel, Danny Cheng – 2012.
18	18. Dindo D, Demartines N, Clavien PA. Classification of surgical complications: a new proposal with evaluation in a cohort of 6336 patients and results of a survey. Ann Surg 2004; 240(2): 205-213.
19	19. Donadon M. et al. Safe hepatectomy selection criteria for hepatocellular carcinoma patients: a validation of 336 consecutive hepatectomies. The BILCHE Score //World journal of surgery. – 2015. – Vol. 39, №. 1. – P. 237-243.
20	20. Ebata T, Yokoyama Y, Igami T et al (2012) Portal vein embolization before extended hepatectomy for biliary cancer: current technique and review of 494 consecutive embolizations. Dig Surg 29: 23-29.
21	21. Endoscopic management is the treatment of choice for bile leaks after liver resection Alexander Dechêne, Christoph Jochum, Christian Fingas, Andreas Paul, Dominik Heider, Wing-Kin Syn, Guido Gerken, Ali Anbay, Thomas Zöpf, Essen, arlsruhe, Germany; London, United Kingdom – 2014.
22	22. Extra-anatomic “Rendezvous” Technique in Management of Biliary Complications Following Liver Surgery: A Technical Note – 2019.
23	23. Faber W. Schöning W., Denecke T. Therapie chronisch persistierender Biliome nach Leberresektion durch enterale Drainage.
24	24. Farges O. et al. Risk of major liver resection in patients with underlying chronic liver disease: a reappraisal //Annals of surgery. – 1999. – Vol. 9, №. . – P. 210.
25	25. Franklin G.A, Richardson J.D, Brown A.L, et al. Prevention of bile peritonitis by laparoscopic evacuation and lavage after nonoperative treatment of liver injuries. Am Surg 2007;73(6): 611–616.
26	26. Gould L, Patel A. Ultrasound detection of extrahepatic encapsulated bile: “biloma”. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1979;132(6):1014–1015.
27	27. Guo-wei Zhang, Jian-hua Lin, Jian-ping Qian, Jie Zhou Analyzing risk factors for early postoperative bile leakage based on Clavien classification in bile duct stones International Journal of Surgery 12 (2014) 757-761.
28	28. Imaging and Intervention of Biliary Leaks and Bilomas Harshna V. Vadvala, Ronald S. Arellano. – 2017. 29. Jagannath S, Kalloo AN. Biliary complications after liver transplantation. Curr Treat Options Gastroenterol 2002;/5:/101/12.
29	30. Jin S, Fu Q, Wuyun G, Wuyun T. Management of posthepatectomy complications. World J Gastroenterol 2013; 19: 7983-7991.
30	31. Johnson P.J, Berhane S, Kagebayashi C, et al. Assessment of liver function in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: a new evidence-based approach-the ALBI grade. J Clin Oncol. 2015;33:550-558.
31	32. Kandarpa K, Machan L. Handbook of Interventional Radiologic Procedures. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2011.
32	33. Kantarcı M, Pirimoglu B, Karabulut N, et al. Non-invasive detection of biliary leaks using Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MR cholangiography: comparison with T2-weighted MR cholangiography. Eur Radiol 2013;23(10): 2713-2722.
33	34. Koch M, Garden O.J, Padbury R et al (2011) Bile leakage after hepatobiliary and pancreatic surgery: a definition and grading of severity by the International Study Group of Liver Surgery. Surgery 149:680–688.
34	35. Liver failure posthepatectomy and biliary fistula: multidisciplinar treatment. Case report Javier Calleja-Kempin, Arturo Colуn-Rodrнguez, Pedro Machado-Liendo, Agustнn-Acevedo, Jorge Martнn-Gil.
35	36. Lo C.M, Fan S.T, Liu C.L et al (1998) Biliary complications after hepatic resection: risk factors, management, and outcome. Arch Surg 133:156–161
36	37. Location of a biliary leak after liver resection determines success of endoscopic treatment Anja Schaible, Peter Schemmer, Thilo Hackert, Christian Rupp, Anna E. Schulze Schleithoff, Daniel N. Gotthardt, Markus W. Buchler Peter Sauer – 2016.
37	38. Location of bile leak predicts the success of ERCP performed for postoperative bile leaks Sumeet K. Tewani, Brian G. Turner, Ram Chuttani, Douglas K. Pleskow, Mandeep S. Sawhney, Boston, Massachusetts; New York, New York, USA.
38	39. Masayuki Ishii, Toru Mizuguchi, Kohei Harada, Shigenori Ota, Makoto Meguro, Tomomi Ueki, Toshihiko Nishidate, Kenji Okita, Koichi Hirata Comprehensive review of post-liver resection surgical complications and a new universal classification and grading system World J Hepatol 2014 October 27; 6(10): 745-751.
39	40. Melamud K, LeBedis CA, Anderson SW, Soto JA. Biliary imaging: multimodality approach to imaging of biliary injuries and their complications. Radiographics 2014;34(3): 613–623.
40	41. Meng X.C, Huang W.S, Xie P.Y, et al. Role of multi-detector computed tomography for biliary complications after liver resection. World J Gastroenterol 2014;20(33):11856-11864.
41	42. Nagano Y, Togo S, Tanaka K, Masui H, Endo I, Sekido H, et al. Risk factors and management of bile leakage after hepatic resection. World J Surg. 2003;27:695–698.
42	43. Nikpour A.M, Knebel R.J, Cheng D. Diagnosis and management of postoperative biliary leaks. Semin Intervent Radiol 2016;33(4): 307–312.
43	44. Ogul H, Kantarci M, Pirimoglu B, et al. The efficiency of Gd-EOBDTPA- enhanced magnetic resonance cholangiography in living donor liver transplantation: a preliminary study. Clin Transplant 2014;28(3):354–360.
44	45. Patel I.J, Davidson J.C, Nikolic B, et al; Standards of Practice Committee, with Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiological Society of Europe (CIRSE) Endorsement. Consensus guidelines for periprocedural management of coagulation status and hemostasis risk in percutaneous image-guided interventions. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2012;23(6):727–736.
45	46. Patel N.B, Oto A, Thomas S. Multidetector CT of emergent biliary pathologic conditions. Radiographics 2013;33(7):1867–1888.
46	47. Pecchi A, DeSantis M, DiBenedetto F.K, Gibertini M. Role ofmagnetic resonance cholangiography in biliary complications of orthotopic liver transplantation. Radiol Med 2010;115(7):1065–1079
47	48. Pomerantz B.J. Biliary tract interventions. Tech Vasc Interv Radiol 2009;12(2):162–170.
48	49. Poon R.T, Fan S.T, Lo C.M et al (2004) Improving perioperative outcome expands the role of hepatectomy in management of benign and malignant hepatobiliary diseases: analysis of 1222 consecutive patients from a prospective database. Ann Surg 240(4):698–710.
49	50. Rendezvous procedure for the treatment of bile leaks and injury following segmental hepatectomy John Y. Nasra, Jana G. Hashasha, Philip Oronsb, Wallis Marshc, Adam Slivkaa, a Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA b Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA c Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA - 2013.
50	51. Sandha G.S, Bourke M.J, Haber G.B, et al. Endoscopic therapy for bile leak based on a new classification: results in 207 patients. Gastrointest Endosc 2004;60:567-74.
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