In this article, information was given about the correspondence between the Bukhara Emirate, Khiva and Kokan Khanates and the seals printed on them. It was discussed that seals are the legal basis of documents. The techniques and types of making these seals were discussed. It was also shown that the seals are a historical source as examples of the practical art of medieval sealers.
In this article, information was given about the correspondence between the Bukhara Emirate, Khiva and Kokan Khanates and the seals printed on them. It was discussed that seals are the legal basis of documents. The techniques and types of making these seals were discussed. It was also shown that the seals are a historical source as examples of the practical art of medieval sealers.
| № | Author name | position | Name of organisation |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Akhmedova D.K. | !! | Faculty of Arts of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the main doctoral student of the Institute of History |
| № | Name of reference |
|---|---|
| 1 | A catalog of Arabic-script documents from the Samarkand museum / Jurgen Paul, Shahin Mustafayev and Bahrom Abdulkhalimov. Samarkand - Istanbul. 2012. - P. 18. Veselovsky N.I. Persten-pechat Miran-shakha mirzy, syna Temerlana // Kaufmansky sbornik. - Moscow, 1910. - S. 229-234. Ziyadov Sh. Materialy po sredneaziatskoy sfragistike (Tashkent. XIX - later XX century) Katalog ottiskov pechatey. - Samarkand: MITsAI, 2020. 176 c. 35 Ivanov A.A. Musulmanskaya sfragistics: status and perspective study. Vyp. 1. - Moscow: Nauka, 12. 1989. -S. 244. Ishakov M, Khudoynazarov I. Auxiliary historical sciences / Study guide. - Tashkent: Publisher, 2019. - B. 208. 210 Catalog Sredneaziatskikh jalovannyx gramot // iz fond Instituta vostokovedeniya im. Abu Raykhana Beruni Academic Republic of Uzbekistan / Sost. A. Urunbaev, G. Djuraeva, S. Gulomov. - Halla (Saale), 2007. - C. 6.; Catalog Khivinskikh kaziiskikh dokumentum XIX-nachala XX vv./ A. Urunbaev, T. Horikova, T. Fayziev, G. Djuraeva, K. Isagoy. Tashkent-Kyoto, 2001. 691 c. Day. A. Description of the print of Khivinskih Khanov // Turkistanskieknowledge. - Tashkent, 1873. No. 40. Kurbanov G. Materialy po sredneaziatskoy sfragistike. Bukhara. XIX - late XX centuries. Tashkent, 2006. - S. 240. Likhachev. N.P. Iz lektsii po sfragistike. - St. Petersburg. Izdanie slushateley institute, 1905-1905 year izd. 39 p.; N.P. Likhachev. Russian Sphragistics. St. Petersburg. Izdanie Typo-Lithography P. S. Kurochkina. 1900. 94 p. MA. I- 125 collections, 2 - list, 220 collections, 1,2,4,6,8,17,18,20 sheets; 240 collections 1-2 sheets. OZMA. I - 125 collections, 2 - list, 220 collections, sheet 8. OZMA. I - 125 collections, 2 - list, 220 collections. Sheets 1, 3, 8, 18. OZMA. I - 125 collections, 2 - list, 240 collections. Sheets 1-2 OZMA. I - 125 collections, 2 - list, 240 collections. 3 - sheet. OZMA. I- 125 collections, 2 lists, 220 collections, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 17, 18, 20 pages. Khudoyorkhanzoda. Anjum al-Tawarikh (Stars of History). - Tashkent: Science and technology, 2014. - B. 171. . رفظه ریم is the reverse shape of the seal. As a result of its writing in reverse Arabic script and in the Word program, the letters "а" and "м" - "alif" and "mim" are written together. The above-mentioned letters should not be added in the word "امیر مؓفر" in the correct position, even in the reverse position. |