The vascular system is a vital component of human physiology, serving as a network for the transportation of oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and metabolic waste products. Its intricate structure and functions are closely tied to its role in maintaining homeostasis and adapting to the diverse needs of tissues and organs. The vascular system is composed of three primary layers—tunica intima, tunica media, and tunica externa—each of which varies in structure and function based on the vessel type, including arteries, veins, and capillaries. Arteries deliver oxygen-rich blood under high pressure, veins return deoxygenated blood while serving as a reservoir for 70% of blood volume, and capillaries facilitate the exchange of gases, nutrients, and waste at the tissue level. Advances in histological techniques, including hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, Verhoeff staining, and electron microscopy, have enhanced our understanding of vascular morphology and its functional adaptations.Pathophysiological conditions, such as atherosclerosis, vasculitides, and diabetic neuropathy, highlight the vascular system’s susceptibility to various diseases. Atherosclerosis, characterized by fatty plaque formation, represents a significant health burden due to its implications for blood flow and thrombotic risks. Additionally, conditions like thrombotic microangiopathy, Takayasu arteritis, and familial hemorrhagic telangiectasia emphasize the diverse clinical manifestations of vascular dysfunction. Emerging research, including the useof immunofluorescent markers like CD31 and advanced imaging methods, continues to provide insight into vascular pathologies and potential therapeutic interventions
The vascular system is a vital component of human physiology, serving as a network for the transportation of oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and metabolic waste products. Its intricate structure and functions are closely tied to its role in maintaining homeostasis and adapting to the diverse needs of tissues and organs. The vascular system is composed of three primary layers—tunica intima, tunica media, and tunica externa—each of which varies in structure and function based on the vessel type, including arteries, veins, and capillaries. Arteries deliver oxygen-rich blood under high pressure, veins return deoxygenated blood while serving as a reservoir for 70% of blood volume, and capillaries facilitate the exchange of gases, nutrients, and waste at the tissue level. Advances in histological techniques, including hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, Verhoeff staining, and electron microscopy, have enhanced our understanding of vascular morphology and its functional adaptations.Pathophysiological conditions, such as atherosclerosis, vasculitides, and diabetic neuropathy, highlight the vascular system’s susceptibility to various diseases. Atherosclerosis, characterized by fatty plaque formation, represents a significant health burden due to its implications for blood flow and thrombotic risks. Additionally, conditions like thrombotic microangiopathy, Takayasu arteritis, and familial hemorrhagic telangiectasia emphasize the diverse clinical manifestations of vascular dysfunction. Emerging research, including the useof immunofluorescent markers like CD31 and advanced imaging methods, continues to provide insight into vascular pathologies and potential therapeutic interventions
| № | Author name | position | Name of organisation |
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| 1 | Ergasheva H.F. | Assistant | Alfraganus university |
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