The regulation of subsidies under the framework of the World Trade Organization (WTO) has undergone significant evolution since the establishment of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT). Initially focused on tariff reductions, early GATT provisions regarding subsidies were limited in scope and clarity, leaving critical gaps in addressing the trade-distorting effects of government interventions. As global trade dynamics became increasingly complex, the need for a robust regulatory framework became evident, leading to the adoption of the Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures (SCM Agreement) during the Uruguay Round.This article provides a comprehensive exploration of the historical development and regulatory framework governing subsidies under WTO law, emphasizing the intricate balance between preventing trade distortions and allowing governments the flexibility to achieve legitimate social and economic objectives. By analyzing the evolution of legal norms—from the early provisions of GATT Articles VI and XVI to the establishment of the SCM Agreement—this study sheds light on how subsidy regulation has addressed the dual challenges of safeguarding market access and supporting domestic policy goals.
The regulation of subsidies under the framework of the World Trade Organization (WTO) has undergone significant evolution since the establishment of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT). Initially focused on tariff reductions, early GATT provisions regarding subsidies were limited in scope and clarity, leaving critical gaps in addressing the trade-distorting effects of government interventions. As global trade dynamics became increasingly complex, the need for a robust regulatory framework became evident, leading to the adoption of the Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures (SCM Agreement) during the Uruguay Round.This article provides a comprehensive exploration of the historical development and regulatory framework governing subsidies under WTO law, emphasizing the intricate balance between preventing trade distortions and allowing governments the flexibility to achieve legitimate social and economic objectives. By analyzing the evolution of legal norms—from the early provisions of GATT Articles VI and XVI to the establishment of the SCM Agreement—this study sheds light on how subsidy regulation has addressed the dual challenges of safeguarding market access and supporting domestic policy goals.
| № | Муаллифнинг исми | Лавозими | Ташкилот номи |
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| 1 | Toyirov A.. | A senior lecturer | State University of Law |
| № | Ҳавола номи |
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| 1 | 1WTO Secretariat, World Trade Report 2006: Exploring the Links between Subsidies, Trade and the WTO(Geneva: WTO Publications, 2006) at 47. 2Samuelson, P. “Interactions Between the Multiplier Analysis and Principle of Acceleration”. Review of Economic andStatistics 21 (1939a): 75-78.3Nordhaus. W, “Samuelson’s Economics at Fifty: Remarks on the Occasion of the Anniversary of Publication”, Journal of Economic Education 30 (1999), p.356.4See the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) 1994.5See Article XVI of the GATT, 1947.6See Subsides and Countervailing Measures Agreement. 7See Article VI of the GATT 1947.8See the Agreement on Interpretation and Application of Articles VI, XVI, and XXIII of the General Agreement |