Portal hypertension can be caused by a variety of conditions. It often manifests as bleeding from varices in the oesophagus. The approach to
acute variceal bleeding in children is a stepwise progression from least invasive to most invasive. The treatment of acute variceal bleeding is
straightforward. But data on the primary prevention and long-term treatment of recurrent variceal bleeding in children are scarce, so prospective
multicentre studies are needed to establish best practice. This syndrome is often associated with right ventricular heart failure, which is caused by
constrictive pericarditis.