FLYING AD-HOC NETWORKS: REVIEW, CHALLENGES, ARCHITECTURE, PROTOCOLS, COMMUNICATION AND MODELING

This paper examines one of the most promising areas in the development of wireless self-organizing networks: FANETs, which are based on unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). The article explores various issues and unresolved problems related to communication organization within FANET networks. It provides an overview of existing protocols across different layers, including the physical layer, media access control, network layer, and transport layer. While single UAV systems have been used for decades, there are many advantages to using a group of small UAVs instead of relying on a single large UAV. However, multi-UAV aerial systems come with their own challenges, and one of the most significant design challenges is communication. This paper considers the Flying Ad-Hoc Network (FANET) as a new network category, primarily an ad hoc network for UAVs.

Название журналаRaqamli iqtisodiyot
Номер выпуска9-son
Количество просмотров 52

Ссылка в интернете https://infocom.uz/magazine/15

DOI

Дата создание в систему UzSCI 08-01-2025

Количество прочтений 52

Дата публикации 13-11-2024

Язык статьиIngliz

Страницы556-574

Ключевые слова

protocol

architecture

UAV

FANET

VANET

MANET

English

This paper examines one of the most promising areas in the development of wireless self-organizing networks: FANETs, which are based on unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). The article explores various issues and unresolved problems related to communication organization within FANET networks. It provides an overview of existing protocols across different layers, including the physical layer, media access control, network layer, and transport layer. While single UAV systems have been used for decades, there are many advantages to using a group of small UAVs instead of relying on a single large UAV. However, multi-UAV aerial systems come with their own challenges, and one of the most significant design challenges is communication. This paper considers the Flying Ad-Hoc Network (FANET) as a new network category, primarily an ad hoc network for UAVs.

Ключевые слова

protocol

architecture

UAV

FANET

VANET

MANET

№ Имя автора Должность Наименование организации

1 Mahmudov S.O. Professor Military Institute of Information-Commmunication Technologies and Communications

№ Название ссылки

1 Zafar, Wajiya, and Bilal Muhammad Khan. "A reliable, delay bounded and less complex communication protocol for multicluster FANETs." Digital Communications and Networks 3, no. 1 (2017): 30-38.

2 Khan, Ali, Farooq Aftab, and Zhongshan Zhang. "Self-organization-based clustering scheme for FANETs using Glowworm Swarm Optimization" Physical Communication 36 (2019): 100769.

3 You, Wenjing, Chao Dong, Xiao Cheng, Xiaojun Zhu, Qihui Wu, and Guihai Chen. "Joint optimization of area coverage and mobile-edge computing with clustering for FANETs." IEEE Internet of Things Journal 8, no. 2 (2020): 695-707.

4 AlKhatieb, Anas, Emad Felemban, and Atif Naseer. "Performance evaluation of ad-hoc routing protocols in (FANETs)" In 2020 IEEE wireless communications and networking conference workshops (WCNCW), pp. 1-6. IEEE, 2020.

5 Sang, Qianqian, Honghai Wu, Ling Xing, Huahong Ma, and Ping Xie. "An energy-efficient opportunistic routing protocol based on trajectory prediction for FANETs." IEEE Access 8 (2020): 192009-192020.

6 Da Cruz, E.P.F. "A comprehensive survey in towards to future FANETs" IEEE Latin America Transactions 16, no.3 (2018): 876-884. [7] [9] Bekmezci, İlker, Eren Şentürk, and Tolgahan Türker. "Security issues in flying ad-hoc networks (FANETS)." Journal of Aeronautics and Space Technologies 9, no. 2 (2016): 13-21.

7 C. Barrado, R. Messeguer, J. Lopez, E. Pastor, E. Santamaria and P. Royo, “Wildfire monitoring using a mixed air-ground mobile network,” IEEE Pervasive Computing 9 (4) (2010), pp. 24–32.

8 E.P. de Freitas, T. Heimfarth, I.F. Netto, C.E. Lino, C.E. Pereira, A.M. Ferreira, F.R. Wagner and T. Larsson, “UAV relay network to support WSN connectivity,” ICUMT, IEEE, 2010, pp. 309–314.

9 Bekmezci, O. K. Sahingoz, and S. Temel, “Flying ad-hoc networks (FANETs): A survey,” Ad Hoc Networks vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 1254-1270, 2013.

10 L. Gupta, R. Jain, and G. Vaszkun, “Survey of important issues in UAV communication networks,” IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, vol. 18, no. 2, pp. 1123–1152, 2015.

11 Oubbati, O.S.; Atiquzzaman, M.; Lorenz, P.; Tareque, H.; Hossain S. Routing in Flying Ad Hoc Networks: Survey, Constraints, and Future Challenge Perspectives. IEEE Access 2019, 7, 81057–81105.3.

12 Bujari, A.; Calafate, C.T.; Cano, J.C.; Manzoni, P.; Palazzi, C.E.; Ronzani, D. Flying ad-hoc network application scenarios and mobility models. Int. J. Distrib. Sens. Networks 2017, 13, 10.

13 Parihar A.S., Chakraborty S.K. Flying Ad Hoc Network (FANET): Opportunities, Trending Applications and Simulators // 2022 IEEE Pune Section International Conference (PuneCon)

14 Tropea, Mauro; Fazio, Peppino; De Rango, Floriano; Cordeschi, Nicola. (2020). A New FANET Simulator for Managing Drone Networks and Providing Dynamic Connectivity. Electronics, 9(4), 543.

15 Shirmohammadi, Shahin S., Ali Al-Hammadi, and Khaled B. Letaief. "Flying Ad-Hoc Networks (FANETs): A Survey." IEEE Access 8 (2020): 101234-101248.

16 Zhang, Y., L. Xie, Y. Zhang, and W. Zhang. "Flying Ad-Hoc Networks: A Review." Journal of Communications and Networks 24, no. 5 (2022): 475-493.

17 Shahzadi, Anam, Huma M. S., and Imran Ashraf. "A Survey of Protocols and Challenges in FANETs." Ad Hoc Networks 98 (2021): 102052.

18 Khan, M. F. U., H. Hussain, and M. F. Shamsi. "Challenges and Opportunities in FANETs for Disaster Management." IEEE Access 9 (2021): 12256-12268.

19 Mak, T. W. K., K. C. Lee, and H. A. Chan. "FANET: A Review of Flying Ad-Hoc Networks." IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), 2020: 1-6.

20 Ren, Y., and L. Wang. "Mobility Management and Communication Protocols for FANETs." IEEE International Conference on Mobile Ad-Hoc and Sensor Systems (MASS), 2021: 345-350.

21 Hussein, M. R. Z. "Flying Ad-Hoc Networks: Protocol Design and Analysis." PhD Dissertation, University of California, Berkeley, 2020.

22 Shahzad, A. "Design and Modeling of FANETs for Real-Time Communication." Master’s Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2019.

23 Bhatia, A. K. S., A. M. Boudy, and A. P. Sharma. "Flying Ad-Hoc Networks (FANETs): A Review and Future Directions." ResearchGate, 2021. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/333681900.

24 Shirmohammadi, Shahin, and Mohammad R. Alarifi. "Flying Ad-Hoc Networks: Challenges and Protocols." arXiv Preprint 2204.01713 (2022).

25 Zhang, J., H. Zhang, and W. Zhao. "A Distributed Approach for Communication in Flying Ad-Hoc Networks." IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 66, no. 6 (2017): 5124-5137.

26 Hussain, A., and M. F. U. Khan. "Optimal Routing Protocols for FANETs: A Survey." Wireless Networks 28, no. 6 (2022): 2175-2193.

27 Zhang, Y., and T. S. M. Ma. "Analysis of FANETs for Autonomous Aerial Vehicles." IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing 18, no. 3 (2019): 676-690.

28 Qamar, F., and M. L. L. Cohn. "Energy-Efficient Routing in FANETs: A Review." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2019 (2019): 1-12.

29 Garg, S., and R. Prasad. "A Survey of Mobility Models in Flying Ad-Hoc Networks." Wireless Personal Communications 112, no. 3 (2020): 1405-1423.

30 Khan, F., and A. K. S. Bhatia. "FANET: Protocols, Communication, and Applications." Ad Hoc Networks 78 (2018): 78-93.

31 Kuo, F. S., and R. T. Walker. "Communication Models for FANETs: A Comprehensive Survey." Journal of Network and Computer Applications 85 (2017): 34-51.

32 Abdulkareem, K., and A. K. N. Salman. "Impact of Mobility Models on the Performance of FANETs." International Journal of Communication Systems 31, no. 4 (2018): 1-16.

33 Xie, J., and Z. Zhao. "Flying Ad-Hoc Networks for Emergency Communications: Challenges and Solutions." Wireless Networks 27, no. 5 (2021): 1309-1321.

34 Mahmud, M. S., and P. M. Gupta. "Design of Lightweight MAC Protocols for FANETs." IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing 19, no. 11 (2020): 2893-2907.

35 Sharma, R., and S. B. Sonkusale. "Performance Evaluation of FANET Routing Algorithms." International Journal of Computer Applications 169, no. 4 (2017): 34-45.

36 Ishfaq, S., and M. R. Khan. "Impact of Flying Ad-Hoc Network Topologies on Performance." Ad Hoc Networks 89 (2019): 1-15.

37 Fayaz, M., and J. S. Choi. "Optimizing Communication Protocols in FANETs for Multi-Hop Network Topologies." Journal of Communications and Networks 22, no. 1 (2020): 25-37.

38 Ali, R., and M. J. O’Connor. "Routing Protocols for FANETs: A Comprehensive Overview." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2020 (2020): 1-16.

39 Vasilenko, A., and R. M. Arif. "A Survey of Application Scenarios for FANETs." IEEE Transactions on Communications 67, no. 3 (2019): 1710-1719.

40 Ali, K. A., and S. K. Sahu. "Simulation of FANETs for Communication in Disaster Scenarios." Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), 2021: 1852-1857.

41 Patel, S., and M. H. Abdullah. "A Survey of FANET Communication Models and Their Applications." Computers, Environment and Urban Systems 63 (2017): 65-77.

42 Singh, H., and N. Kumar. "A Survey of Security Challenges in Flying Ad-Hoc Networks." Journal of Cyber Security 21 (2021): 95-110.

В ожидании

№	Название ссылки
1	Zafar, Wajiya, and Bilal Muhammad Khan. "A reliable, delay bounded and less complex communication protocol for multicluster FANETs." Digital Communications and Networks 3, no. 1 (2017): 30-38.
2	Khan, Ali, Farooq Aftab, and Zhongshan Zhang. "Self-organization-based clustering scheme for FANETs using Glowworm Swarm Optimization" Physical Communication 36 (2019): 100769.
3	You, Wenjing, Chao Dong, Xiao Cheng, Xiaojun Zhu, Qihui Wu, and Guihai Chen. "Joint optimization of area coverage and mobile-edge computing with clustering for FANETs." IEEE Internet of Things Journal 8, no. 2 (2020): 695-707.
4	AlKhatieb, Anas, Emad Felemban, and Atif Naseer. "Performance evaluation of ad-hoc routing protocols in (FANETs)" In 2020 IEEE wireless communications and networking conference workshops (WCNCW), pp. 1-6. IEEE, 2020.
5	Sang, Qianqian, Honghai Wu, Ling Xing, Huahong Ma, and Ping Xie. "An energy-efficient opportunistic routing protocol based on trajectory prediction for FANETs." IEEE Access 8 (2020): 192009-192020.
6	Da Cruz, E.P.F. "A comprehensive survey in towards to future FANETs" IEEE Latin America Transactions 16, no.3 (2018): 876-884. [7] [9] Bekmezci, İlker, Eren Şentürk, and Tolgahan Türker. "Security issues in flying ad-hoc networks (FANETS)." Journal of Aeronautics and Space Technologies 9, no. 2 (2016): 13-21.
7	C. Barrado, R. Messeguer, J. Lopez, E. Pastor, E. Santamaria and P. Royo, “Wildfire monitoring using a mixed air-ground mobile network,” IEEE Pervasive Computing 9 (4) (2010), pp. 24–32.
8	E.P. de Freitas, T. Heimfarth, I.F. Netto, C.E. Lino, C.E. Pereira, A.M. Ferreira, F.R. Wagner and T. Larsson, “UAV relay network to support WSN connectivity,” ICUMT, IEEE, 2010, pp. 309–314.
9	Bekmezci, O. K. Sahingoz, and S. Temel, “Flying ad-hoc networks (FANETs): A survey,” Ad Hoc Networks vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 1254-1270, 2013.
10	L. Gupta, R. Jain, and G. Vaszkun, “Survey of important issues in UAV communication networks,” IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, vol. 18, no. 2, pp. 1123–1152, 2015.
11	Oubbati, O.S.; Atiquzzaman, M.; Lorenz, P.; Tareque, H.; Hossain S. Routing in Flying Ad Hoc Networks: Survey, Constraints, and Future Challenge Perspectives. IEEE Access 2019, 7, 81057–81105.3.
12	Bujari, A.; Calafate, C.T.; Cano, J.C.; Manzoni, P.; Palazzi, C.E.; Ronzani, D. Flying ad-hoc network application scenarios and mobility models. Int. J. Distrib. Sens. Networks 2017, 13, 10.
13	Parihar A.S., Chakraborty S.K. Flying Ad Hoc Network (FANET): Opportunities, Trending Applications and Simulators // 2022 IEEE Pune Section International Conference (PuneCon)
14	Tropea, Mauro; Fazio, Peppino; De Rango, Floriano; Cordeschi, Nicola. (2020). A New FANET Simulator for Managing Drone Networks and Providing Dynamic Connectivity. Electronics, 9(4), 543.
15	Shirmohammadi, Shahin S., Ali Al-Hammadi, and Khaled B. Letaief. "Flying Ad-Hoc Networks (FANETs): A Survey." IEEE Access 8 (2020): 101234-101248.
16	Zhang, Y., L. Xie, Y. Zhang, and W. Zhang. "Flying Ad-Hoc Networks: A Review." Journal of Communications and Networks 24, no. 5 (2022): 475-493.
17	Shahzadi, Anam, Huma M. S., and Imran Ashraf. "A Survey of Protocols and Challenges in FANETs." Ad Hoc Networks 98 (2021): 102052.
18	Khan, M. F. U., H. Hussain, and M. F. Shamsi. "Challenges and Opportunities in FANETs for Disaster Management." IEEE Access 9 (2021): 12256-12268.
19	Mak, T. W. K., K. C. Lee, and H. A. Chan. "FANET: A Review of Flying Ad-Hoc Networks." IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), 2020: 1-6.
20	Ren, Y., and L. Wang. "Mobility Management and Communication Protocols for FANETs." IEEE International Conference on Mobile Ad-Hoc and Sensor Systems (MASS), 2021: 345-350.
21	Hussein, M. R. Z. "Flying Ad-Hoc Networks: Protocol Design and Analysis." PhD Dissertation, University of California, Berkeley, 2020.
22	Shahzad, A. "Design and Modeling of FANETs for Real-Time Communication." Master’s Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2019.
23	Bhatia, A. K. S., A. M. Boudy, and A. P. Sharma. "Flying Ad-Hoc Networks (FANETs): A Review and Future Directions." ResearchGate, 2021. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/333681900.
24	Shirmohammadi, Shahin, and Mohammad R. Alarifi. "Flying Ad-Hoc Networks: Challenges and Protocols." arXiv Preprint 2204.01713 (2022).
25	Zhang, J., H. Zhang, and W. Zhao. "A Distributed Approach for Communication in Flying Ad-Hoc Networks." IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 66, no. 6 (2017): 5124-5137.
26	Hussain, A., and M. F. U. Khan. "Optimal Routing Protocols for FANETs: A Survey." Wireless Networks 28, no. 6 (2022): 2175-2193.
27	Zhang, Y., and T. S. M. Ma. "Analysis of FANETs for Autonomous Aerial Vehicles." IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing 18, no. 3 (2019): 676-690.
28	Qamar, F., and M. L. L. Cohn. "Energy-Efficient Routing in FANETs: A Review." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2019 (2019): 1-12.
29	Garg, S., and R. Prasad. "A Survey of Mobility Models in Flying Ad-Hoc Networks." Wireless Personal Communications 112, no. 3 (2020): 1405-1423.
30	Khan, F., and A. K. S. Bhatia. "FANET: Protocols, Communication, and Applications." Ad Hoc Networks 78 (2018): 78-93.
31	Kuo, F. S., and R. T. Walker. "Communication Models for FANETs: A Comprehensive Survey." Journal of Network and Computer Applications 85 (2017): 34-51.
32	Abdulkareem, K., and A. K. N. Salman. "Impact of Mobility Models on the Performance of FANETs." International Journal of Communication Systems 31, no. 4 (2018): 1-16.
33	Xie, J., and Z. Zhao. "Flying Ad-Hoc Networks for Emergency Communications: Challenges and Solutions." Wireless Networks 27, no. 5 (2021): 1309-1321.
34	Mahmud, M. S., and P. M. Gupta. "Design of Lightweight MAC Protocols for FANETs." IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing 19, no. 11 (2020): 2893-2907.
35	Sharma, R., and S. B. Sonkusale. "Performance Evaluation of FANET Routing Algorithms." International Journal of Computer Applications 169, no. 4 (2017): 34-45.
36	Ishfaq, S., and M. R. Khan. "Impact of Flying Ad-Hoc Network Topologies on Performance." Ad Hoc Networks 89 (2019): 1-15.
37	Fayaz, M., and J. S. Choi. "Optimizing Communication Protocols in FANETs for Multi-Hop Network Topologies." Journal of Communications and Networks 22, no. 1 (2020): 25-37.
38	Ali, R., and M. J. O’Connor. "Routing Protocols for FANETs: A Comprehensive Overview." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2020 (2020): 1-16.
39	Vasilenko, A., and R. M. Arif. "A Survey of Application Scenarios for FANETs." IEEE Transactions on Communications 67, no. 3 (2019): 1710-1719.
40	Ali, K. A., and S. K. Sahu. "Simulation of FANETs for Communication in Disaster Scenarios." Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), 2021: 1852-1857.
41	Patel, S., and M. H. Abdullah. "A Survey of FANET Communication Models and Their Applications." Computers, Environment and Urban Systems 63 (2017): 65-77.
42	Singh, H., and N. Kumar. "A Survey of Security Challenges in Flying Ad-Hoc Networks." Journal of Cyber Security 21 (2021): 95-110.