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OPTIMIZATION OF THE AGROCHEMICAL POTENTIAL OF IRRIGATED SEROSEM BY APPLICATION OF PHOSPHORIC SLOW-RUNNING FERTILIZERS

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Background. At present, in chemical and agricultural science,the concept of using specialized fertilizers designed for specific climatic conditions and crops is being developed, with the aim of: 1. applying the best form of fertilization (Right Source); 2. in the optimal dose (Right Rate); 3. in the required time frame (Right Time); 4. in the most appropriateway (Right Place). Taking into account the 4R-strategy, scientists of the Institute of National Economy andDevelopment of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan are developing single and complexfertilizers intended for irrigated agriculture in sierozem conditions, taking into account the high biologicalactivity of soils and the accelerated transformation of nutrient NPK elements. Prolonged fertilizers provide a slower and more gradual release of nutrients into the soil solution, which reduces the rate of circulation of macronutrients, minimizing their losses and increasing the utilization rate. Purpose:Determination and comparison of the agrochemical efficiency of new prolonged phosphorus single and complex fertilizers, their effect onthe growth, development and yield of cotton, as well as the dynamics of the content of humus, mobile and gross forms of phosphorus and nitrogen in irrigated typical gray soil. Methodology:The selection and analysis of soil samples was carried out from the arable horizon during the periods of the main phenological phases of the development of cotton plants. Harvesting, phenological observations, descriptions and counts in the experiments were carried out in accordance with the methods of NIISSiAVKh. The content of total andavailable nitrogen N total was studied in the soil; NH4+ and NO3-; P total and P2O5; carbon (humus). Statistical and correlation analysis was carried out using STATISTICA.10 and Excel (Data Analysis package). Originality.For the first time, the influence of new slow-dissolving single and complex phosphorus fertilizers on the development of plants and the yield of cotton, as well as the content of gross and mobile forms of macroelements in dynamics by the phases ofplant development has been shown, relationships and dependences of the agrochemical regime of the soil and indicators of plant productivity have been revealed. Findings.It was found that the use of slow-dissolving single and complex phosphorus fertilizers, due to the altered properties of the granules, reduces the intensity of mineralization of N- and P-compounds, optimizing nutrition and accelerating the developmentof plant organs (by 7.4 and 3.7%), which is expressed in the formation a greater number of fruit elements and, accordingly, an increase in yield (by 14.4 and 16.3% compared to the control). The slow-acting properties of fertilizers make it possible to provide plants with adequate nutrition without excess and, accordingly, without loss of macronutrients, and to achieve a positive balance in nitrogen and phosphorus in the soil with an increase in yield. Highlights: - the use of fast- and slow-dissolving fertilizers has features of the use of phosphorus and nitrogen by cotton under irrigation conditions; - a decrease in the rate of transformation of macronutrients contributes to an increase in soil fertility and an increase in productivity, providing adequatenutrition for the plant in the current growing season and determining the potential reserve for the next season; - the contribution of macronutrients to the formation of the vegetative and reproductive mass of plants is shown, close interrelationships and dependences of the agrochemical regime of the soil and the growth of cotton are shown.

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# трансформация# transformation# фосфор# phosphorus# азот# nitrogen# удобрения# fertilizers# урожай# harvest# ўғитлар# пролонгированное действие# ти-пичный серозем# узоқ муддатли ҳаракат# типик серозем# екин# prolonged  action# typical  gray  soil

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https://eroi.uz/11.0030/A1122-0008

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