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Maqola o‘rta asrlarda filologik fanlar tarkibidan o‘rin olgan balog‘at ilmiga oid asosiy tushunchalar definisiyasiga bag‘ishlangan. Unda so‘z va kalomning fasohatli bo‘lishiga mone’lik qiluvchi tanofur, g‘aroba, muxolafatu-l-qiyos, za’fu-t-ta’lif, ta’qid atamalari ma’nosi yoritilgan, shuningdek, lafz, kalom, ma’no, hol, mutakallim, muxotab kabi tushunchalar balog‘at tizimi tarkibi sifatida tahlil qilingan.

  • Read count 12
  • Date of publication 10-03-2025
  • Main LanguageO'zbek
  • Pages41-47
English

Article is devoted to definition of the basic concepts of science of balāğat which was one of the philological disciplines in middle ages. The article values the meanings of such terms designating defects in the speech as tanāfur (incompatibility), ğarāba (strangeness), muḫālafatu-l-qiyās (contradiction with language norm), ḍa‘fu-t-ta‘līf (weakness of the construction), ta‘qīd  (complexity) are revealed and analizes such notions as lafẓ (word), kalām (speech), ma‘nā (meaning), ḥāl (situation), mutakallim (speaker), muḫāṭab (addressee) as structures of the system of balāǧat.

Ўзбек

Maqola o‘rta asrlarda filologik fanlar tarkibidan o‘rin olgan balog‘at ilmiga oid asosiy tushunchalar definisiyasiga bag‘ishlangan. Unda so‘z va kalomning fasohatli bo‘lishiga mone’lik qiluvchi tanofur, g‘aroba, muxolafatu-l-qiyos, za’fu-t-ta’lif, ta’qid atamalari ma’nosi yoritilgan, shuningdek, lafz, kalom, ma’no, hol, mutakallim, muxotab kabi tushunchalar balog‘at tizimi tarkibi sifatida tahlil qilingan.

Русский

Статья посвящается дефиниции основных понятий науки balāğat, которая являлась одной из филологических дисциплин в средние века. В статье выявлены значения таких терминов, обозначающие дефекты в речи как, tanāfur (несовместимость), ğarāba (чуждость), muḫālafatu-l-qiyās (противоречие с языковой нормой), ḍa‘fu-t-ta‘līf (слабость конструкции), ta‘qīd (сложность) и анализированы понятия lafẓ (слова), kalām (фраза), ma‘nā (значение), ḥāl (ситуация), mutakallim (оратор), muḫāṭab (адресат) как структуры системы balāǧat.

№ Author name position Name of organisation
1 Rustamiy S.A. professor, filologiya fanlari doktori Sharq tillari kafedrasi, Oriental universiteti
№ Name of reference
1 1. Al-Jahiz. (1968). Book of statement and clarification. Kitab al-bayan va al-tabyin. T. 1-3. – Beyrut. (in Arabic)
2 2. Al-Jurjani, Abdul Qaher. (2002). Secrets of Rhetoric. Asrar al-balag‘a. – Beyrut - Lubnan. (in Arabic)
3 3. Al-Sakaki, Yusuf. (1937) Key to the Sciences. Miftah al-ulum. – Al-Qahira. (in Arabic)
4 4. Al-Tahonawi, Muhammad Ali. (2006). Art and Science Terminology Index. Kashshaf istilahat al-funun va al-ulum. https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/shamela.ws. (in Arabic)
5 5. Jarem, Ali and Amin, Mustafa. (1999) Clear Eloquence. Statement. Meanings. Rhetoric. Al-balag‘a al-wadiha. Al-bayan. Al-ma’ani. Al-badi’. – Al-Qahira. (in Arabic)
6 6. Gaffarova, U. (2012). Formation and development of Arabic rhetoric until the 14th century // Scientific notes of the Khujand State University named after Academician B. Gafurov. Stanovleniye i razvitiye arabskoy ritoriki do XIV veka // Ucheniye zapiski Xudjandskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Issue 2. – Xo‘jand. – P. 3-12. (in Russian)
7 7. Hasan Khan, Siddiq. (1890). Alphabet of Sciences. Abjad al-ulum. http://lisaan.net/abjad-al-uloom-by-siddiq-hasan-khan-d-1890 (in Arabic)
8 8. Ibrohimov N., Aripov A. et al. (2017). Al-Qumus. Arabic-Uzbek Dictionary. Al-Qumus. Arabcha-o‘zbekcha lug‘at. Volume I. – Tashkent. (in Uzbek)
9 9. Rustamiy S. (2024). Key Terms and Definitions in Balāǧat. International Journal of Social Science And Human Research. Volume 07 Issue 06 June 2024. – Pp. 3755-3758. (in English)
10 10. Rustamiy, A. (2014). The spiritual world of Hazrat Navoi. Navoiyning badiiy mahorati. – Tashkent: Navroz. (in Uzbek)
11 11. Saleh Sasa. Al-Munjid in Syntax, Grammar, Rhetoric and Prosody. Al-munjid fi al-i’rab va al-qawaid va al-balag‘a va al-‘arud. – Dar al-Raed. (in Arabic)
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