МАРКАЗИЙ ФАРҒОНА ҚЎРИҚ ЕРЛАРИНИНГ ЎЗЛАШТИРИЛИШИ ВА СУҒОРИЛИШИ ЖАРАЁНЛАРИ (XX асрнинг 50 – 70-йиллари мисолида)

Мақолада Марказий Фарғона қўриқ, бўз ерларининг ўзлаштирилиши, суғорилиши жараёнлари, шунингдек, совет ҳокимиятининг пахта яккаҳокимлиги сиёсати таъсирида бу ерда пахтачиликка ихтисослашган туман ва совхозларнинг ташкил қилиниши ҳамда марказга пахта етиштириб беришнинг ортиб бориши ва унинг салбий оқибатлари бирламчи манбалар ёрдамида таҳлил қилинган. Бундан ташқари, водийдаги янги ерларни ўзлаштириш тадбирларига давлат бюджети ва колхозларнинг бўлинмас жамғармасидан капитал маблағлар ажратишнинг йилдан-йилга ортиб борганлиги хронологик тарзда баён қилинган.
 

В статье описываются на основе первичных источников процессы освоения и орошения целинных земель в Центральной Фергане, также образование районов и совхозов на данных землях в русле политики хлопковой монополии советского правительства, увеличение поставок хлопка в Центр и его отрицательные последствия. Кроме того, установлено, что из года в год увеличивались выделяемые капитальные средства из государственного бюджета и неделимого фонда колхозов на освоение новых земель в Ферганской долине. 
 

In the article, the processes of reclamation and irrigation of lands in Central Ferghana, as well as, organization of districts and state farms in these areas specialized to cotton - growing on the principles of cotton monopoly policy of the Soviet Government and increase of provision of cotton to the сentre and its negative results are elucidated with the help of primary sources.  In order to develop virgin steppe lands on the territory of Fergana, Andizhan and Namangan regions, in 1953 the Ferghanavodstroy Special Construction Trust and the Fergana Inter-collective Farm Council were formed. A lot of things have been done in the field of new land development with the help of those organizations. At the same time, the Soviet Government has created many artificial canals and pumping stations to provide hillside areas where the natural irrigation was not possible with water. Many activities have been to improve and maintain their technical condition done.

Frequency and long-lasting of irrigation activities in the Ferghana valley led to further strengthening the policy of cotton monoculture, and how difficult it was it is possible to guess from the slogans made in the spirit of colonization, such as “Development of the Steppe – the Mission for the Braves” to motivate people to do the forced labour. The cultivated area allowed to develop cotton production and to increase the amount of harvest. At the steppes on the developed areas cotton growing districts and state farms were created, residential complexes for the population were built. Housing construction has created favourable conditions for the people previously living in densely populated areas. In connection with this annual increase in a number of state farms, specialized in cotton, cotton production has also grown each year. However, unfortunately, most of the grown cotton was taken away to Russia.

Therefore, it should be noted that in the lands of Central Ferghana irrigation and reclamation work as well as agriculture, has developed at a high level, including cotton growing. There were positive aspects, but there were also negative consequences of  this. So the development of new lands lasted from 50s-70s of XXth century. During these years, the tasks of the development of virgin and fallow lands, the allocation of funds for this purpose and the decision of the government in many places were not fulfilled.

In its turn, the development of new lands increased the cultivation of cotton year by year. This process has further strengthened cotton autocracy in agriculture. The sense of proportion was not observed in the expansion of cotton growing, scientific recommendations were not ignored crop rotation was not disturbed, and so on. As a result, the complexity in the development of new lands was grossly violated, ignoring the multi-sector development of the national economy which contributed to the forced penetration of cotton monoculture into the economy.