One of the most important aspects of world civilization is the spread of the Islamic religion. To date, most of the world's population is Muslim. And one of the actual problems is the clothes women wear: the hijab. In some states, wearing the hijab has been controversial for many years. There are opinions that it is convenient and chic, there are other opinions that subject the hijab to sharp criticism. In France, Muslim girls were forbidden to wear headscarves for fear that their appearance would cast doubt on France's cohesive, universal ideal. According to many experts, this represents a formidable threat to the classical French identity, anchored in the universalism of French culture and civilization. In this connection, in this article, the author analyzes the Muslim perception of public self-government through the prism of multiculturalism in modern France.
One of the most important aspects of world civilization is the spread of the Islamic religion. To date, most of the world's population is Muslim. And one of the actual problems is the clothes women wear: the hijab. In some states, wearing the hijab has been controversial for many years. There are opinions that it is convenient and chic, there are other opinions that subject the hijab to sharp criticism. In France, Muslim girls were forbidden to wear headscarves for fear that their appearance would cast doubt on France's cohesive, universal ideal. According to many experts, this represents a formidable threat to the classical French identity, anchored in the universalism of French culture and civilization. In this connection, in this article, the author analyzes the Muslim perception of public self-government through the prism of multiculturalism in modern France.
| № | Имя автора | Должность | Наименование организации |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Tsan L.. |
| № | Название ссылки |
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| 1 | 1. New York Times (2015). 'This Doll Has an Accessory Barbie Lacks: A Prayer Mat', September 22, 2005. |
| 2 | 2. Fulla website, http://fulla.com/ |
| 3 | 3. 'A British native of Brazilian and Lebanese descent, Habiba Da Silva is a beauty blogger and content creator for YouTube who creates beauty videos of Hijab style'. https://habibadasilva.com/. |
| 4 | 4. Leena Asad, a half Palestinian, half American girl from Texas who loves "creating stylish looks that make hijab modern, approachable, and chic" (http://www.withloveleena.com/). |
| 5 | 5. Melanie Elturk, 'Haute Hijab', http://www.hautehijab.com/. |
| 6 | 6. Eid al-Fitr, religious holiday that marks the end of Ramadan, a single day during which Muslims are not permitted to fast. |
| 7 | 7. 'I would never wear a hijab. That's like wearing a kippah as decoration,' or "You can't try on a religion. It's either your lifestyle or it's not. Any other form of wearing it is disrespectful to other cultures and religions," comments to the video read. |
| 8 | 8. Speaking to RMC radio, Rossignol said: 'What's at stake is social control over women's bodies. When brands invest in this Islamic garment market, they are shirking their responsibilities and are promoting women's bodies being locked up.' |
| 9 | 9. Ironically enough Rossignol is one of the founders of an anti-discrimination coalition, SOS Racisme. |
| 10 | 10. Rossignol later said the use of the word Negro had been made in error, but stopped short of retracting the remark. |
| 11 | 11. "Loi no 2004-228 du 15 mars 2004 encadrant, en application du principe de la?cit?, le port de signes ou de tenues manifestant une appartenance religieuse dans les ?coles, coll?ges et lyc?es publics," ("Law #2004-228 of March 15, 2004, concerning, as an application of the principle of the separation of church and state, the wearing of symbols or garb which show religious affiliation in public primary and secondaryschools.") The "veil law" forbids the wearing of any religious articles, including the Islamic veil, the Jewish kippa, and large Christian crosses. |
| 12 | 12. Several headscarf scandals re-appeared later when other Muslim students at other schools were banned just as the Creil girls in 1989. |
| 13 | 13. The incident triggered an inflammatory article by the Courrier Picard, which was picked up by national press and anti racist organizations. |
| 14 | 14. The traditionalist view on French identity is rooted in the legacy of the French Revolution, consisting of the virtues of civil equality and universalism. In this view, one enters the culture as an individual citizen stripped down of any particular affiliation, thereby abandoning own background and culture |
| 15 | 15. Jeremy Jennings (2000). "Citizenship, republicanism and multiculturalism in contemporary France," in British Journal, vol. 30, Issue 04, p. 589. |
| 16 | 16. Paul Ricoeur (1998).Critique & Conviction, European Perspectives: A Series in Social Thought and Cultural Criticism, Columbia University Press, p. 133. |
| 17 | 17. Veronique Dimier (2004). "Unity in diversity: contending conceptions of the French nation and republic," in West European Politics, Volume 27, Issue 5, 2004, p. 837. |
| 18 | 18. Diana Pinto (1988). 'The Atlantic Influence and the Mellowing of French Identity', in J. Howorth and G. Ross (eds), Contemporary France: A Review of Inter-disciplinary Studies, vol. 2. |
| 19 | 19. Jeremy Jennings, "Citizenship, republicanism and multiculturalism in contemporary France," in BritishJournal, vol. 30, Issue 04, 2000, p. 73 |
| 20 | 20. Whereas the United States emphasize differences in demographics, re-affirmed in hyphenatedidentities. |
| 21 | 21. "Muslim Schoolgirl Scarves Banned; France in a Furor (1989)." Los Angeles Times, November 07. |
| 22 | 22. "The law is the expression of the general will. All citizens have the right to contribute personally, or through their representatives, to its formation. It must be the same for all, whether it protects or punishes. All citizens, being equal in its eyes, are equally admissible to all public dignities, positions, and employments, according to their capacities, and without any other distinction than that of their virtues and their talents." Article Six of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen (D?claration des droits del'Homme et du citoyen), as written by Rousseau in1789. |