ДОРИВОР ЎСИМЛИК УРУҒЛАРИНИ ФИЗИОЛОГИК ТИНИМ ҲОЛАТИДАН ЧИҚАРИШДА ФИТОГАРМОНЛАРНИНГ РОЛИ

Фитогармонлар ўсимлик уруғининг тиним ҳолатидан чиқишида муҳим роль ўйнайди. Мақолада Valeriana offissinalis L. уруғининг унувчанлиги ва униш энергиясига гиббереллин ва ауксиннинг таъсири ўрганилган. Лаборатория шароитида ўтказилган тажрибада гиббереллиннинг 0,01; 0,1; 1 µмоль ва ауксиннинг 0,01; 0,1; 1 µмолли эритмаларидан фойдаланилди. Унувчанлик ва униш энергияси бошқа варианталарга нисбатан 1 µмоль гиббереллин эритмасида юқори бўлди, яъни 97,2 % ва 47,8 % ни ташкил қилди.

Фитогормоны играют важную роль в выходе растений из состояния паузы. В нашем исследовании мы изучали влияние гиббереллина и ауксина на всхожесть и энергию роста семян Valeriana offissinalis L. Опыты проводились в лабораторных условиях. В экспериментах использовали растворы 0,01; 0,1; 1 µмоль гибберелина и 0,01; 0,1; 1 µмоль ауксина. Всхожесть и энергия роста были выше в растворе 1-гиббереллина по сравнению с другими вариантами, которые составляли 97,2% и 47,8%.

Phytogarmons are relatively small molecularsubstances that regulate all physiological and biochemical proctsses in plants. Planthormones  can affect different plant activities including seed dormancy and germination(Greaberet 2012). Plant growth devolepment and ontogenesis are regulated by phytogarmones [2].

                Phytogarmons are relatively small molecular organic matter that is synthesized in the plant, transported throughout its organs, and small quantities affect the growth or formation of the plant from its synthesized location or distance [3].Plant hormones including abscisic acid (ABA), ethylene, gibberellins, auxin (IAA), cytokinins, and brassinosteroids are biochemical substances controlling many physiological and biochemical processes in the plant. These interesting products are produced by plants and also by soil microbes (Finkelstein, 2004; Jimenez, 2005; Santner et al., 2009). The plant hormones accelerate in the plant, seed germination and dormance. There are some photoreceptors that are necessary for plant growth and development, including seed germination. For example, phytochrome B proteins, which are stable and found in green tissues (Quail, 1997) are able to regulate the hormonal signaling pathways of auxin and cytokinin (Tian et al., 2002; Fankhauser, 2002; Choi et al., 2005). Phytochromes in the seeds are necessary for controlling seedgermination, especially when the seeds are subjected to light. Light activates phytochromes, as well as hormonal activities in plants (Seo et al., 2009).

                The control  of the dormancy  state affects the geremenation and germination energy of plants. Germination is the most impotant set of physiological processes that affect plant growth and development. In our research, we studied the effects of giberelins and auxinon  Valeriana offissinalis L.seed germination and germination energy. The experiment was conducted in a laboratory setting. 0,01; 0,1; 1 µmolgiberelin and auxsin 0,01; 0,1; 1 µmol solution were used in the experiment. it was found that seed germination and germination energy were higher in 1,0 µmol of giberelin solution than other variants, that is 97,2% and 47,8% respectively.

The effects of phyto-hormones on the germination energy of medicinal valeriana seeds were studied in laboratory experiments. In the control variant, the energy of harvesting was 1% on the second day of the experiment, gibberellin 0.01; 4.0 in seeds soaked in 0.1 and 1.0 mol of solution; 4.8 and 6% respectively. 0.01 of ISK; In seeds treated with 0.1 and 1.0-mol solutions, on the second day of the experiment, the growth energy was 2.3; 4.0% and 4.7% respectively. On the 3rd day of experiment, the energy of harvesting was 2.7, depending on the variants; 9.0; 9.8; 10.8 4.6; 8.0 and 9.4% respectively.