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SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION, AND POTENTIAL USE OF A SULFONATED CATION-EXCHANGE RESIN FOR HARD-WATER SOFTENING

Fan yo'nalishi:Kimyo (turli xil)
Milliy fan yo'nalishi (OAK):01.04.06 — Polimerlar fizikasi02.00.01 — Noorganik kimyo02.00.02 — Analitik kimyo02.00.03 — Organik kimyo02.00.04 — Fizik kimyo02.00.06 — Yuqori molekulyar birikmalar02.00.07 — Kompozitsion, lok-boʻyoq va rezina materiallari kimyosi va texnologiyasi02.00.08 — Neft va gaz kimyosi va texnologiyasi02.00.09 — Tovarlar kimyosi02.00.10 — Bioorganik kimyo02.00.11 — Kolloid va membrana kimyosi02.00.12 — Nanokimyo, nanofizika va nanotexnologiya02.00.13 — Noorganik moddalar va ular asosidagi materiallar texnologiyasi02.00.14 — Organik moddalar va ular asosidagi materiallar texnologiyasi02.00.15 — Silikat va qiyin eriydigan nometall materiallar texnologiyasi02.00.16 — Kimyo texnologiyasi va oziq-ovqat ishlab chiqarish jarayonlari va apparatlari04.00.08 — Mineralogiya. Kristallografiya06.01.04 — Agrokimyo11.00.03 — Quruqlik gidrologiyasi. Suv resurslari. Gidrokimyo15.00.02 — Farmatsevtik kimyo va farmakognoziya02.00.05 — Tsellyuloza va tsellyuloza-qogʻoz ishlab chiqarish kimyosi va texnologiyasi02.00.17 — Qishloq xoʻjalik va oziq-ovqat mahsulotlariga ishlov berish, saqlash hamda qayta ishlash texnologiyalari va biotexnologiyalari04.00.02 — Qattiq foydali qazilma konlarining geologiyasi, ularni qidirish va razvedka qilish. Metallogeniya va geokimyo
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MAQOLA ANNOTATSIYASI

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This study synthesized and characterized a monofunctional sulfonic cation-exchange resin from sodium p-styrenesulfonate and furfural and evaluated its potential for hard-water softening. The effects of reactant ratio, reaction temperature, and zinc chloride catalyst loading were examined. The selected synthesis condition was a 1:1 molar ratio of sodium p-styrenesulfonate to furfural, 90 °C, and 0.07 mol ZnCl₂ per mole of furfural. Infrared spectroscopy and potentiometric titration supported assignment of strongly acidic –SO₃H functionality, with an apparent pKₕ of 1.8–2.2. The resin showed a static exchange capacity of 4.2–4.5 meq/g by 0.1 N NaOH titration, a total dynamic exchange capacity of 1,480 meq/L, an operating dynamic exchange capacity of 1,200 meq/L, and mechanical durability of 99.0%. Single-cycle desorption recovered approximately 90.5%–92.5% of sorbed Na⁺, Ca²⁺, and Mg²⁺. In regional hard-water samples with initial hardness of 11.0–12.0 meq/L, treatment reduced hardness to 3.0–3.8 meq/L in the H-form and 2.1–2.4 meq/L in the Na-form. A tap-water sample decreased from 3.5 meq/L to 0.8 and 0.4 meq/L after 6 h with the H- and Na-forms, respectively. The results support further development of the material for water softening; however, discrepancies among exchange-capacity measurements, incomplete reporting of replicate statistics, and the absence of regeneration-cycle and scale-up data limit claims of superiority over commercial resins.

MUALLIFLAR

A.Usmonova

"TOSHKENT KIMYO-TEXNOLOGIYA INSTITUTI" DAVLAT MUASSASASI

K.Pulatov

"TOSHKENT KIMYO-TEXNOLOGIYA INSTITUTI" DAVLAT MUASSASASI

Teglar

# water# calcium# exchange# resin# furfural# softening# magnesium# sodium# ion# cation-exchange# p-styrenesulfonate

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SHU JURNALDAGI BOSHQA MAQOLALAR

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