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Elektr va kuch transformatorlarida kuchlanish miqdori xalqaro GOST 32144-2013 me’yoriy hujjatlarida belgilangan qiymatlardan og‘ishi elektr iste’molchilar va qurilmalarning xizmat ko‘rsatish muddati kamayishi hamda ularning tez ishdan chiqishiga sabab bo‘lmoqda. Zamonaviy energetika tizimida foydalanilayotgan 6-10/0,4 kV kuchlanishli kuch transformatorlarida hosil bo‘ladigan kuchlanish og‘ishi holatlarini aniqlash, ularni kamaytirish usullarini tatbiq qilish va uzoq muddat ekspluatatsiyadagi kuch transformatorlarining ishlash ishonchliligini oshirish hamda kuch transformatorlarida kuchlanish og‘ishi natijasida kelib chiqadigan nuqsonlarni kamaytirish uchun kuchlanishni rostlovchi qurilmalarni takomillashtirish zaruriy chora-tadbirlardan biridir. Ekspluatatsiyadagi elektr tarmoqlarida kuchlanish og‘ishini bartaraf etish bo‘yicha bir qancha usul va qurilmalardan foydalanilmoqda. Ayniqsa, kuchlanishni markazdan rostlash usuli past va kuchlanishli elektr tarmoqlarida ommalashgan. Kuch transformatorlarida kuchlanishni rostlovchi qurilmalar joriy etilishi (markazdan rostlash usuli) qolgan usullarga qaraganda ancha samarador hisoblanadi. Ilmiy tahlillar natijasida hozirgi kunda ekspluatatsiyada foydalanilayotgan mexanik kontaktli kuchlanishni rostlash qurilmalarining bir qancha kamchiliklari aniqlandi. Rostlash jarayonida mexanik kontakt qismida elektr yoyi hosil bo‘lishi va yoy ta’sirida transformator moyining kuyishi hamda buning natijasida moyning izolatsiya darajasining kamayishi shular jumlasidandir. Bundan tashqari, PBV kabi mexanik kontaktli kuchlanishni rostlash qurilmasidan foydalanish natijasida tarmoqda kuchlanishni faqat mavsumiy davrlarda rostlash mumkinligi ham kuchlanish og‘ishini bartaraf etishdagi asosiy kamchiliklardan sanaladi. Ushbu maqolada ekspluatatsiyadagi kuch transformatorlarida mavjud kuchlanishni rostlovchi qurilmalardagi kamchiliklarni aniqlash va kuch transformatorlarida kuchlanishni avtomatik kontaktsiz rostlash qurilmasini joriy etish masalalari atroflicha ko‘rib chiqilgan. Ilmiy tadqiqot o‘tkazish uchun ishlab chiqilgan tajriba namunasida eksperiment olib borish hamda olingan natijalarni xalqaro GOST 32144-2013 me’yoriy hujjatlarida belgilangan qiymatlariga solishtirish ishlari amalga oshirilgan.

  • Web Address
  • DOI
  • Date of creation in the UzSCI system 21-11-2024
  • Read count 28
  • Date of publication 26-08-2024
  • Main LanguageO'zbek
  • Pages78-89
Ўзбек

Elektr va kuch transformatorlarida kuchlanish miqdori xalqaro GOST 32144-2013 me’yoriy hujjatlarida belgilangan qiymatlardan og‘ishi elektr iste’molchilar va qurilmalarning xizmat ko‘rsatish muddati kamayishi hamda ularning tez ishdan chiqishiga sabab bo‘lmoqda. Zamonaviy energetika tizimida foydalanilayotgan 6-10/0,4 kV kuchlanishli kuch transformatorlarida hosil bo‘ladigan kuchlanish og‘ishi holatlarini aniqlash, ularni kamaytirish usullarini tatbiq qilish va uzoq muddat ekspluatatsiyadagi kuch transformatorlarining ishlash ishonchliligini oshirish hamda kuch transformatorlarida kuchlanish og‘ishi natijasida kelib chiqadigan nuqsonlarni kamaytirish uchun kuchlanishni rostlovchi qurilmalarni takomillashtirish zaruriy chora-tadbirlardan biridir. Ekspluatatsiyadagi elektr tarmoqlarida kuchlanish og‘ishini bartaraf etish bo‘yicha bir qancha usul va qurilmalardan foydalanilmoqda. Ayniqsa, kuchlanishni markazdan rostlash usuli past va kuchlanishli elektr tarmoqlarida ommalashgan. Kuch transformatorlarida kuchlanishni rostlovchi qurilmalar joriy etilishi (markazdan rostlash usuli) qolgan usullarga qaraganda ancha samarador hisoblanadi. Ilmiy tahlillar natijasida hozirgi kunda ekspluatatsiyada foydalanilayotgan mexanik kontaktli kuchlanishni rostlash qurilmalarining bir qancha kamchiliklari aniqlandi. Rostlash jarayonida mexanik kontakt qismida elektr yoyi hosil bo‘lishi va yoy ta’sirida transformator moyining kuyishi hamda buning natijasida moyning izolatsiya darajasining kamayishi shular jumlasidandir. Bundan tashqari, PBV kabi mexanik kontaktli kuchlanishni rostlash qurilmasidan foydalanish natijasida tarmoqda kuchlanishni faqat mavsumiy davrlarda rostlash mumkinligi ham kuchlanish og‘ishini bartaraf etishdagi asosiy kamchiliklardan sanaladi. Ushbu maqolada ekspluatatsiyadagi kuch transformatorlarida mavjud kuchlanishni rostlovchi qurilmalardagi kamchiliklarni aniqlash va kuch transformatorlarida kuchlanishni avtomatik kontaktsiz rostlash qurilmasini joriy etish masalalari atroflicha ko‘rib chiqilgan. Ilmiy tadqiqot o‘tkazish uchun ishlab chiqilgan tajriba namunasida eksperiment olib borish hamda olingan natijalarni xalqaro GOST 32144-2013 me’yoriy hujjatlarida belgilangan qiymatlariga solishtirish ishlari amalga oshirilgan.

Русский

Отклонение величин напряжения в электрических и силовых трансформаторах от величин, установленных международным ГОСТом 32144-2013, приводит к сокращению срока службы электроприёмников и приборов, а также к их быстрому выходу из строя. Выявление случаев отклонений напряжения, образующихся в силовых трансформаторах напряжением 6-10/0,4 кВ, используемых в современной энергосистеме, внедрение методов их снижения и совершенствование устройств регулирования напряжения для повышения надёжности работы силовых трансформаторов при длительной эксплуатации и уменьшения дефектов, вызванных отклонениями напряжения в силовых трансформаторах, являются актуальными задачами. Применяют несколько методов и приборов для устранения отклонений напряжения в эксплуатируемых электрических сетях. Особенно популярен метод центробежной регулировки напряжения в низковольтных и высоковольтных электросетях. Внедрение устройств регулировки напряжения в силовых трансформаторах (центробежный метод) является одним из наиболее эффективных методов по сравнению с другими. Научные исследования выявили ряд недостатков механических контактных устройств регулировки напряжения, используемых в настоящее время в эксплуатации. К ним относятся образование электрической дуги в механической контактной части в процессе регулировки, сгорание трансформаторного масла под действием дуги и, как следствие, снижение уровня изоляции масла. Кроме того, одним из основных недостатков устранения отклонений напряжения является то, что напряжение в сети можно регулировать только в сезонные периоды в результате использования механического контактного устройства регулировки напряжения, такого как ПБВ. В данной статье подробно рассмотрены вопросы выявления дефектов существующих устройств регулирования напряжения на силовых трансформаторах в эксплуатации и внедрения устройства автоматической бесконтактной регулировки напряжения на силовых трансформаторах. Для проведения научного исследования была проведена экспериментальная работа на разработанном экспериментальном образце и сопоставлены полученные результаты со значениями, установленными международным нормативным документом ГОСТ 32144-2013.

English

Deviation of voltage values in electrical and power transformers from the values established by international GOST 32144-2013 leads to shortening the service life of electrical receivers and devices, as well as to their rapid failure. Identification of cases of voltage deviations formed in 6-10/0,4 kV power transformers used in the modern power system, introduction of methods for their reduction and improvement of voltage regulation devices to increase the reliability of power transformers in long-term operation and to reduce defects caused by voltage deviations in power transformers are urgent tasks. Several methods and devices are used to eliminate voltage deviations in operating electrical networks. Especially popular is the method of centrifugal voltage regulation in low-voltage and high-voltage power networks. The introduction of voltage regulation devices in power transformers (centrifugal method) is one of the most effective methods compared to others. Scientific research has revealed a number of disadvantages of mechanical contact voltage regulation devices currently in use. These include the formation of electric arcs in the mechanical contact part during the adjustment process, the burning of transformer oil under the action of the arc and, as a consequence, the reduction of the oil insulation level. In addition, one of the major disadvantages of voltage deviation elimination is that the grid voltage can only be regulated during seasonal periods as a result of using a mechanical contact voltage regulating device such as an NES (non-excitation switching). This paper details the identification of defects of existing voltage regulation devices on power transformers in operation and implementation of automatic contactless voltage regulation device on power transformers. For the scientific study, experimental work was carried out on the developed experimental sample and the results obtained were compared with the values established by the international normative document GOST 32144-2013.

Author name position Name of organisation
1 Qobilov M.H. doktorant Farg‘ona politexnika instituti
Name of reference
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