Мазкур мақолада 4 турдаги синтетик ғўза амфидиплоидларининг G.hirsutum L. ва G.barbadense L. турларига мансуб маданий навлари билан ўзаро турли чатишувчанлик даражасининг таҳлили ҳамда уларнинг цитологик хусусиятларини ҳисобга олган ҳолда генетик жиҳатдан бойитилган янги полигеном турлараро дурагайларни яратиш мумкинлиги келтирилган. Ота-оналик шакллари ва олинган дурагайларидаги соматик хужайраларида хромосома сонининг ўзгариши билан турли чатишувчанлик даражаси ўртасидаги ўзаро боғлиқлик, оналик хужайраларининг микроспорогенез босқичларида кузатилган нуқсонлар кўрсатилган.

В статье обсуждаются результаты анализа разной скрещиваемости 4 видовых синтетических амфидиплоидов хлопчатника, с культурными сортами видов G.hirsutum L. и G.barbadense L., с учетом их цитологических особенностей и создание генетически обогащенных новых полигеномных межвидовых гибридов. Показана взаимосвязь скрещиваемости в различной степени с колебанием чисел хромосом в соматических клетках растений родительских форм и гибридов хлопчатника, а также пороками, наблюдаемыми на этапах микроспорогенеза материнских клеток.

This paper discusses the results of analysis of the different crossability of 4 species of synthetic cotton amphidiploids, with cultivated varieties of G.hirsutum L. and G.barbadense L., taking into account their cytological features and the creation of genetically enriched new polygenomic interspecific hybrids. The interrelation of cross-breeding in varying degrees with the fluctuation of chromosome numbers in somatic plant cells of parental forms and cotton hybrids, as well as the defects observed at the stages of microsporogenesis of maternal cells are shown. When analyzing the stages of microsporogenesis of maternal cells, the normal conjugation of chromosomes with the formation of bivalents was established during interbreeding and the effect of disorders and nature of defects at the stages of metaphase (II) and anaphase (AII) of meiosis in the resulting hybrids involving 4 and 5 types of cotton were found and affecting meiotic index. The main reasons for the contrast difference between the degree of cross-breeding of synthetic cotton amphidiploids, with cultivated cotton varieties when producing MWH, as well as differences in the maturation of full seeds are established. In the course of research based on the study of such signs of obtained seeds from MWH as the seed mass, laboratory germination energy and germination degree, the degree of completeness and underdevelopment of the seeds were studied. It was established from the obtained results that in the new 4 species MWH of cotton, 76.5% was obtained in the first combination, 78.7% of fully ripened seeds of the total number of seeds in the second combination. However, the number of fully ripened seeds in MVG obtained with the participation of new 5 species has drastically decreased, i.e. in the first combination, MVH fully ripened seeds amounted to 27.5%, and in the second hybrid combination, 19.4% of the total seeds from the total number of the total seeds received were obtained.

Based on cytological and cytogenetic studies, the relationship of the observed difficult cross-breeding to varying degrees with the variation of chromosome numbers in somatic cells of parental forms and hybrids, their differences in morphological characteristics with variability and existing defects, as well as the defects observed at the stages of microsporogenesis of mother cells, is shown. Consecutive study of the stages of meiosis showed that the course of meiosis normalizes from the first meiotic division to the second and to the end becomes more correct, which results in the formation of mostly correct tetrads and viable pollen. As a result of the observed disturbances in the pollen grains of the flowers of plants, the formation of anomalies in the form of monads, dyads, triads, tetrads with disputes of unequal in size and polyads of various kinds is noted.