Bugungi kunga kelib xalqaro munosabatlar tizimida islom omili va uning ta’siri ortib bormoqda. Jahon siyosatida
yuz berayotgan o‘zgarishlarni tahlil qiladigan bo‘lsak, eng ko‘p murojaat etilayotgan mavzulardan biri bu islom omili va
xususan Yaqin Sharq mintaqasi hisoblanadi.
Maqola mazmun jihatidan asosan ikki qismga bo‘linadi. Birinchi qismida islom omili ahamiyatining ortishi; e’tiqod
qiluvchilarining demografi o‘sishi, musulmon davlatlarining iqtisodiy, ilmiy, siyosiy jihatdan rivojlanayotganligi; bu
davlatlarda islomning siyosiylashuvi, so‘nggi yillarda arab davlatlari orasida bo‘lib o‘tayotgan voqealar izohlanadi.
Ikkinchi qismda geosiyosat tushunchasiga ta’rif berish, Yaqin Sharq mintaqasiga kiruvchi davlatlarning turli siyosiy
maktablar tomonidan turlicha belgilanishiga urg‘u berilgan bo‘lsa, undan keyin mintaqaning geosiyosiy jihatdan
shakllanishida muhim o‘ringa ega bo‘lgan AQSH, Xitoy, Rossiya kabi davlatlarning pozitsiyalarini aniq asoslarga ko‘ra
yoritishga harakat qilingan. Yaqin Sharq mintaqasi oxirgi ikki asr davomida turli tashqi kuchlar ta’sir doirasining muhim
obyektiga aylandi. Mintaqadagi geosiyosiy vaziyat rivojlanishining o‘ziga xos xususiyati shundaki, tashqi kuchlar
mintaqadagi diniy konfessiya va millatlararo ziddiyat, qaramaqarshiliklardan mohirona foydalanganlar.
So‘nggi paytlarda ushbu tashqi kuchlarning o‘z manfaatlari yo‘lida olib borayotgan geosiyosiy va geoiqtisodiy raqobati
mintaqadagi vaziyatning yanada keskinlashuviga olib keldi. Bularga misol sifatida “Arab bahori”, Suriya va Yamandagi
qurolli mojarolar, Isroil va Falastin o‘rtasidagi to‘qnashuvlar, AQSHning Eronga nisbatan hozirgi munosabatlarini
ko‘rsatish mumkin.
На сегодняшний день наблюдается рост влияния исламского фактора на международные отношения. Ана
лизируя изменения, происходящие в мировой политике, одной из наиболее часто обсуждаемых тем является
исламский фактор и в частности, Ближний Восток.
Статья разделена на две части. Первая часть связана с растущим значением исламского фактора, демографи
ческим ростом верующих, экономическим, научным и политическим развитием мусульманских стран, политиза
цией ислама и недавними событиями в арабских странах.
Вторая часть описывает понятие геополитики, определение Ближнего Востока политическими школами и
предпринимается попытка показать позиции таких стран, как США, Китай и Россия, играющих важную роль в
геополитическом формировании региона. За последние два столетия Ближний Восток был важной целью для
различных внешних сил. Особенность геополитической ситуации в регионе заключается в том, что внешние
силы умело использовали религиозные конфессии и межэтнические противоречия в регионе.
В последнее время геополитическое и геоэкономическое соперничество этих внешних сил усугубило ситуа
цию в регионе. Примерами могут служить «Арабская весна», вооруженный конфликт в Сирии и Йемене, изра
ильскопалестинский конфликт и нынешние отношения между Соединенными Штатами и Ираном.
Today, the Islamic factor and its inflence in the system international relations are growing. Analyses of the changes
taking place in world politics show that one of the most
The article is divided into two parts. Th fist part is related to the growing importance of the Islamic factor;
the demographic growth of believers, the economic, scientifi and political development of Muslim countries; the
politicization of Islam and the recent events in the Arab countries.
The second part describes the concept of geopolitics, various defiitions of the Middle East countries by diffrent
political schools, and shows the position of the countries such as the United States, China and Russia, which play an
important role in the geopolitical formation of the region. Over the past two centuries, the Middle East has been an
important target of various external forces. Th peculiarity of the geopolitical situation in the region is that external
forces skillfully used religious denominations and interethnic contradictions in the region.
Recently, the geopolitical and geoeconomic rivalry of these external forces in their own interests has aggravated the
situation in the region. For examples, the Arab Spring, the armed conflct in Syria and Yemen, the IsraeliPalestinian
conflct and current relations between the United States and Iran.
Bugungi kunga kelib xalqaro munosabatlar tizimida islom omili va uning ta’siri ortib bormoqda. Jahon siyosatida
yuz berayotgan o‘zgarishlarni tahlil qiladigan bo‘lsak, eng ko‘p murojaat etilayotgan mavzulardan biri bu islom omili va
xususan Yaqin Sharq mintaqasi hisoblanadi.
Maqola mazmun jihatidan asosan ikki qismga bo‘linadi. Birinchi qismida islom omili ahamiyatining ortishi; e’tiqod
qiluvchilarining demografi o‘sishi, musulmon davlatlarining iqtisodiy, ilmiy, siyosiy jihatdan rivojlanayotganligi; bu
davlatlarda islomning siyosiylashuvi, so‘nggi yillarda arab davlatlari orasida bo‘lib o‘tayotgan voqealar izohlanadi.
Ikkinchi qismda geosiyosat tushunchasiga ta’rif berish, Yaqin Sharq mintaqasiga kiruvchi davlatlarning turli siyosiy
maktablar tomonidan turlicha belgilanishiga urg‘u berilgan bo‘lsa, undan keyin mintaqaning geosiyosiy jihatdan
shakllanishida muhim o‘ringa ega bo‘lgan AQSH, Xitoy, Rossiya kabi davlatlarning pozitsiyalarini aniq asoslarga ko‘ra
yoritishga harakat qilingan. Yaqin Sharq mintaqasi oxirgi ikki asr davomida turli tashqi kuchlar ta’sir doirasining muhim
obyektiga aylandi. Mintaqadagi geosiyosiy vaziyat rivojlanishining o‘ziga xos xususiyati shundaki, tashqi kuchlar
mintaqadagi diniy konfessiya va millatlararo ziddiyat, qaramaqarshiliklardan mohirona foydalanganlar.
So‘nggi paytlarda ushbu tashqi kuchlarning o‘z manfaatlari yo‘lida olib borayotgan geosiyosiy va geoiqtisodiy raqobati
mintaqadagi vaziyatning yanada keskinlashuviga olib keldi. Bularga misol sifatida “Arab bahori”, Suriya va Yamandagi
qurolli mojarolar, Isroil va Falastin o‘rtasidagi to‘qnashuvlar, AQSHning Eronga nisbatan hozirgi munosabatlarini
ko‘rsatish mumkin.
На сегодняшний день наблюдается рост влияния исламского фактора на международные отношения. Ана
лизируя изменения, происходящие в мировой политике, одной из наиболее часто обсуждаемых тем является
исламский фактор и в частности, Ближний Восток.
Статья разделена на две части. Первая часть связана с растущим значением исламского фактора, демографи
ческим ростом верующих, экономическим, научным и политическим развитием мусульманских стран, политиза
цией ислама и недавними событиями в арабских странах.
Вторая часть описывает понятие геополитики, определение Ближнего Востока политическими школами и
предпринимается попытка показать позиции таких стран, как США, Китай и Россия, играющих важную роль в
геополитическом формировании региона. За последние два столетия Ближний Восток был важной целью для
различных внешних сил. Особенность геополитической ситуации в регионе заключается в том, что внешние
силы умело использовали религиозные конфессии и межэтнические противоречия в регионе.
В последнее время геополитическое и геоэкономическое соперничество этих внешних сил усугубило ситуа
цию в регионе. Примерами могут служить «Арабская весна», вооруженный конфликт в Сирии и Йемене, изра
ильскопалестинский конфликт и нынешние отношения между Соединенными Штатами и Ираном.
Today, the Islamic factor and its inflence in the system international relations are growing. Analyses of the changes
taking place in world politics show that one of the most
The article is divided into two parts. Th fist part is related to the growing importance of the Islamic factor;
the demographic growth of believers, the economic, scientifi and political development of Muslim countries; the
politicization of Islam and the recent events in the Arab countries.
The second part describes the concept of geopolitics, various defiitions of the Middle East countries by diffrent
political schools, and shows the position of the countries such as the United States, China and Russia, which play an
important role in the geopolitical formation of the region. Over the past two centuries, the Middle East has been an
important target of various external forces. Th peculiarity of the geopolitical situation in the region is that external
forces skillfully used religious denominations and interethnic contradictions in the region.
Recently, the geopolitical and geoeconomic rivalry of these external forces in their own interests has aggravated the
situation in the region. For examples, the Arab Spring, the armed conflct in Syria and Yemen, the IsraeliPalestinian
conflct and current relations between the United States and Iran.
| № | Muallifning F.I.Sh. | Lavozimi | Tashkilot nomi |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ABDULAZIMOV K.. | researcher, | International Islamic academy of Uzbekistan, |
| № | Havola nomi |
|---|---|
| 1 | 1. Dunyo aholisi soni bo‘yicha ma’lumotlar bazasi (04.04.2019) htt://www.worldometers.info/ worldpopulation/ 2. AQSHning “Diniy izlarnishlar markazi” (Pew research center) ma’lumotlariga ko‘ra islom diniga e’tiqod qiluvchi dunyo aholisi soni o‘sish sur’atlari (04.04.2019) htts://www.pewforum. org/2015/04/02/muslims/ 3. History of Islamic organization of cooperation. (01.02.2019) htts://www.oicoci.org/ home/?lan=en 4. Karimov F.E. Yaqin Sharqdagi etnosiyosiy muammolar va mintaqaviy xavfsizlik masalalari. T.: “Sharq nashriyoti”. 2016. 5. Jumaev R.Z. Konflktologiya (monografia). T.: TDSHI. 2018. 6. Yovqochev Sh.А. Jahon siyosatida islom omili. T.: ToshDSHI, 2016. 7. Agnew J; Geopolitics: ReVisioning World Politics, Routledge, London, 2003. 8. K. Dodds, “Geopolitics in the Foreign Offi: British Representations of Argentina 19451961,” Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers. Vol. 19, No. 3, 1994. 9. Gafurov S.M. Xavfsizlik strategiyasi: Markaziy Osiyo respublikalari va Fors ko’rfazi arab davlatlari amaliyoti. –T: O‘zbekiston., 2007. 10. Hourani А.Н. Minorities in the Arab World, London; OxfordUniversity Press, 1947. 11. CampbellBannerman Report, 1907 [Электронный ресурс] // Political Islam. Режим доступа: htts://politicalislam.wordpress.com/2009/04/14/campbell bannermanreport1907/ 12. Balfour Declaration, United Kingdom. htts:// www.britannica.com/event/BalfourDeclaration 13. SykesPicot Agreement,1916. (Asia Minor Agreement) htts://www.britannica.com/event/ SykesPicotAgreement 14. Karimov F.E. Yaqin Sharqdagi etnosiyosiy muammolar va mintaqaviy xavfsizlik masalalari. T.: “Sharq nashriyoti”. 2016. 15. 1956yil IsroilBuyuk BritaniyaFransiya birlashgan qo‘shinlari Misrga yurish qiladi va Suvaysh kanalini bosib oladi. Sobiq Ittfoqining yordami bilan Misr ushbu urushda g‘alaba qozonadi. 16. Th Eisenhower Doctrine, 1957 htts://history.state.gov/milestones/19531960/eisenhowerdoctrine 17. Roham Alvandi. Nixon, Kissinger, and the Shah: Th United States and Iran in the Cold War. Published to Oxford Scholarship On line: June 2014 P. 5. htt://www.oxfordscholarship.com/v iew/10.1093/acprof :o so/9780199375691.001.0001/acprof97801993 75691chapter3 18. Richard J. Samuels Carter Doctrine United States foreign policy initiative. htts://www.britannica. com/topic/CarterDoctrine 19. Ma’lumot uchun: Norasmiy ma’lumotlarga ko‘ra, Yaqin Sharq mintaqasida AQSHning 23 ta harbiy bazalari mavjud bo‘lib, ular asosan quruqlik, havo va dengizda harbiy harakatlani olib borishga mo‘ljallangan. htts://www.americansecurityproject.org/nationalsecuritystrategy/usbasesinthemiddleeast/ 20. Karimov F.E. Yaqin Sharqdagi etnosiyosiy muammolar va mintaqaviy xavfsizlik masalalari. T.: “Sharq nashriyoti”. 2016. 21. Xaddad R.M. Sovremennaya Blijnevostochnaya strategiya SSHA: geopoliticheskie i kontseptual`nie osnovi // M.: Armiya i obshestvo. 2008. 22. Dona J. Stewart. Th Greater Middle East and Reform in the Bush Administration’s Ideological Imagination. London: Geographical Review. Vol. 95, No. 3, New Geographies of the Middle East ( Jul., 2005), pp. 400424 htts://www.jstor.org/ stable/30034245?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents 23. Melkumyan YE.S. Reformi v regione rassherennogo Blijnego Vostoka. htt://www.iimes.ru/rus/ stat/2006/120106b.htm 24. Karimov F.E. Yaqin Sharqdagi etnosiyosiy muammolar va mintaqaviy xavfsizlik masalalari. T.: “Sharq nashriyoti”. 2016. 25. Crystal Douglas, Andrea Fischer, Kim Fletcher. Th Arab Uprisings: Causes, Consequences and Perspectives. ICAT Working Paper Series. March 2014. www.kennesaw.edu/icat 26. Dostignuto soglashenie po yadernoy programme Irana. 14 iyulya 2015. htts://www.bbc.com/ russian/international/2015/07/150714_iran_ deal_reached 27. I have determined that it is time to offially recognize Jerusalem as the capital of Israel. 6.12.2017 https://twitter.com/realdonaldtrump/status/938517073508163584 28. Golan Heights: Trump signs order recognising occupied area as Israeli. 25 March 2019. https://www.bbc.com/news/worldmiddleeast47697717 29. Nikolay Bobkin. Iran i Kitay: v osnove drujestvennix otnosheniy pragmatizm. M.: Novoe vostochnoe Obozrenie, 2014. 30. Howeidy F. Citizens not protected (in arabic), Cairo:Dar El Sherouk, 1990. 31. China and the Middle East: More Thn Oil. February 28, 2014 . htt://www.europeanfiancialreview.com/chinamiddleeastoil/ 32. Top 30 Oilfild Services Companies 2018. 15 April 2019 htts://www.oilandgasmiddleeast.com/lists/top30oilfieldservicescompanies2018 33. Pol Kreyg Roberts: “Protesti v Livii i Sirii bili srejisirovani SSHA”. Apr. 30th, 2011 htts://analyzethislj.livejournal.com/19823.html 34. Th Middle East and North Africa 1986, Londres: Europa Publications, 1985. |