The article discusses the development of waste-based coagulants for the removal of heavy
and non-ferrous metals from waste water. The results of the developed new chemical reagentsorbent based on a modified phosphogypsum hydroxide suspension are presented. It has been
found that modified aluminum hydroxide more effectively removes impurities from water having
higher turbidity than that formed by aluminum sulfate. When sorbing fine crystalline hydroxide
suspension on the surface of contaminants, the interaction occurs both between particles of the
solid phase, with a shell consisting of hydroxide molecules, and sparingly soluble particles of the
solid phase, which gradually contributes to the formation of a flocculent precipitate. The dose of
coagulant increases with decreasing particle size, since large quantities are required for
surrounding the particles with the hydroxide layer, as well as for the formation of the neutral
phase necessary to create stable aggregate formations.
It was noted that in the case of water with high turbidity, low color and a low content of organic
suspensions, which is determined by its permanganate oxidation, it is justified when using small
doses of modified coagulant, which has a larger number of hydroxyl groups. As a result, the
modified aluminum hydroxide more effectively removes impurities from water having higher
turbidity exceeding the turbidity of the solution with aluminum sulfate. The presence of
phosphate ions, sulfate ions, chloride ions, hydrocarbonate ions in water leads to the formation
of poorly soluble complexes that stimulate the coagulation process and reduce the consumption
of aluminum sulfate reagent. But, with increased acidity of the medium, chloride ions exhibit a
stabilizing effect and inhibit the formation of aluminum hydroxide until the cessation of this
process, however, the process with modified aluminum hydroxide does not occur.
Maqolada oqova suvlardan og’ir va rangli metallarni yo'qotish uchun chiqindilar asosida
koagulyanlar ishlab chiqish tahlil qilingan. Alyuminiy sul’fat bilan hosil qilingan yuqori
loyqasimon suvdagi aralashmalarni ajratishda modifikaciyalangan alyuminiy gidroksidining
samarali ta'siri aniqlangan. Ma’lumki, ifloslanish yuzasida mayda kristalli gidroksid
sorbitlashda gidroksid molekulalardan tashkil topgan qobiq bilan qattiq fazalar zarrachalari,
hamda kam eruvchi qattiq faza zarrachalari orasida o'zaro bog’liqlik ro'y beradi va astasekin pahta shaklidagi cho'kma xosil bo'lishiga olib keladi. Barqaror agrigat xolat yaratishda
Civil and environmental engineering
142
neytral faza xosil qilish uchun gidroksid qatlam bilan zarrachalarni qurshovlash yordamida
zarracha o'lchamining kamayishi koagulyant miqdorini oshishiga olib keladi. Suv tarkibida
fosfat, sulfat, xlorid, gidrokorbonat ionlarining mavjudligi koagulyaciya jarayonini
barqarorlashtirish va ayuminiy sulfat reagenti sarfining kamayishiga va kam eruvchi
kompleks birikmalarining xosil bo'lishiga olib keladi. Kislotali muxitning yuqoriligidan xlor
ionlari barqaror harakatlanadi va alyuminiy gidroksid xosil bo'lishi bu jarayonning tugashini
kamayishiga olib keladi lekin alyuminiy gidroksidni modifikaciyalash jarayoni yuz bermaydi.
Suv juda ham loyqa, rangsiz va permanganat bilan oksidlab aniqlanadigan organik
aralashmalari kam bo'lganda tarkibida gidroksil guruhi ko'p bo'lgan modifikaciyalangan
koagulyantdan kam ishlatish mumkin.
The article discusses the development of waste-based coagulants for the removal of heavy
and non-ferrous metals from waste water. The results of the developed new chemical reagentsorbent based on a modified phosphogypsum hydroxide suspension are presented. It has been
found that modified aluminum hydroxide more effectively removes impurities from water having
higher turbidity than that formed by aluminum sulfate. When sorbing fine crystalline hydroxide
suspension on the surface of contaminants, the interaction occurs both between particles of the
solid phase, with a shell consisting of hydroxide molecules, and sparingly soluble particles of the
solid phase, which gradually contributes to the formation of a flocculent precipitate. The dose of
coagulant increases with decreasing particle size, since large quantities are required for
surrounding the particles with the hydroxide layer, as well as for the formation of the neutral
phase necessary to create stable aggregate formations.
It was noted that in the case of water with high turbidity, low color and a low content of organic
suspensions, which is determined by its permanganate oxidation, it is justified when using small
doses of modified coagulant, which has a larger number of hydroxyl groups. As a result, the
modified aluminum hydroxide more effectively removes impurities from water having higher
turbidity exceeding the turbidity of the solution with aluminum sulfate. The presence of
phosphate ions, sulfate ions, chloride ions, hydrocarbonate ions in water leads to the formation
of poorly soluble complexes that stimulate the coagulation process and reduce the consumption
of aluminum sulfate reagent. But, with increased acidity of the medium, chloride ions exhibit a
stabilizing effect and inhibit the formation of aluminum hydroxide until the cessation of this
process, however, the process with modified aluminum hydroxide does not occur.
В статье рассматривается разработка коагулянтов на основе отходов для
удаления тяжелых и цветных металлов из сточной воды. Приведены результаты
разработанного нового химического реагента-сорбента на основе модифицированной
фосфогипсом гидрооксидной взвеси. Установлено, что модифицированный гидроксид
алюминия более эффективно удаляет примеси из воды, имеющей более высокую
мутность, образованную сульфатом алюминия. При сорбировании мелкокристаллической
гидрооксидной взвеси на поверхности загрязнений взаимодействие происходит как
между частицами твердой фазы, с оболочкой, состоящей из молекул гидрооксида, так и
с малорастворимыми частицами твердой фазы, что постепенно способствует
формированию хлопьевидного осадка. Доза коагулянта увеличивается с уменьшением
размеров частиц, так как для окружения частиц гидрооксидным слоем требуются
большие его количества, как и для образования нейтральной фазы, необходимой для
создания стабильных агрегатных образований.
Отмечено, что в случае воды с высокой мутностью, низкой цветностью и
пониженным содержанием органических взвесей, определяемых ее перманганатной
Civil and environmental engineering
143
окисляемостью и оправдано при применении небольших доз модифицированного
коагулянта, имеющего в своем составе большее количество гидроксильных групп. В
результате модифицированный гидроксид алюминия более эффективно удаляет примеси
из воды, имеющей более высокую мутность, превышающую мутность раствора с
сульфатом алюминия. Присутствие фосфат-ионов, сульфат-ионов, хлорид-ионов, ионов
гидрокарбоната в воде ведет к образованию малорастворимых комплексов,
стимулирующих процесс коагуляции и снижающих расход реагента сульфата алюминия.
Но при повышенной кислотности среды хлорид-ионы проявляют стабилизирующее
действие и подавляют образование гидрооксида алюминия вплоть до прекращения этого
процесса, однако процесса с модифицированным гидроксидом алюминия не происходит.
№ | Muallifning F.I.Sh. | Lavozimi | Tashkilot nomi |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Aripdjanova M.A. | kat o'qituvchi | TDTU |
№ | Havola nomi |
---|---|
1 | Svetkova V.I. Ekologiya. –M: Ximiya, 2014 g.S.340. 2. Proskuryakov V.L., SHmidt S.E. Ochistka stochnыx vod.-M: Ximiya, 2015 g.S.290. 3. SHimanov A.D., Ergojin E.E. Reagentы dlya ochistki stochnыx vod. Alma-Ata: Bыlыm, 2015 g.S.290-298. 4. Allamuratov K.K., Alimbetov A.A. Problemы pitevoy vodы Priaralya. –Nukus: Enbek, 2014 g.C.369. 5. Tarasova A.N., Semenov V.A. Rol vodы v jizni vodorosley nashey planetы jurnal «Akvatek».№4. 2016 g.S..34-39. 6. Shiro Ito, Kobota Ueda, Eiti Nakamura. The mechanisms of a water treatment. –Tokyo, 2016.Р.44-48. 7. Adams B.A., Holmes E.L. (1995). Adsorptive properties of synthetic resins journal of the Society of Chemical Industry 54 (2): T1-T6. P. 235-282. 8. Denisova V.V. Promыshlennaya ekologiya: uchebnoe posobie / pod red. V.V. Denisova; Rostov-na-Donu: Feniks: Izdat. sentr Mart, 2009. – 720 s. 9. Akimova T.A., Kuzmin A.P. «Ekologiya. Priroda-CHelovek-Texnika». - M., 2001. – 178 s. 10. GOST 16188-70. Sorbentы. Metod opredeleniya sorbsii. 11. Way J.T. (1995). On the Power of Soils to Absorb Manure. // The Journal of the Royal Agricultural Society of England 11: 313-379. 12. Seytlin G.M. Ionitы / Kniga dlya chteniya po neorganicheskoy ximii. Posobie dlya uchaщixsya. CH. II. - M.: Prosveщenie, 1975. S. 34 - 41. 13. Dryaxlov V.O. Issledovanie razdeleniya vodomaslyanыx emulsiy, stabilizirovannыx PAV marki «Neonol», s pomoщyu plazmenno-modifitsirovannыx membran. Jurn. Ekologiya, -2014.№5.S.44-45 14. Xodakov YU. V., Epshteyn D. A., Gloriozov P. A. Neorganicheskaya ximiya. Uchebnik dlya 15. Thompson H.S. (1990). On the Absorbent Power of Soilsthe Journal of the Royal Agricultural Society of England 11: 68-75. Civil and environmental engineering 147 16. Xem R. Sopolimerizatsiya. 3-izdanie.- M:,inlit, 2012.S.348. |