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SPI, SPEI ИНДЕКСЛАРИ ВА ҲАВО ҚУРҒОҚЧИЛИГИНИНГ ТЕРМОГИГРОМЕТРИК КОЭФФИЦИЕНТИ (ТГК) АСОСИДА ЎЗБЕКИСТОНДА ҚУРҒОҚЧИЛИКНИ БАҲОЛАШ

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Тадқиқотни бажаришда Европа ўрта муддатли об-ҳаво прогнозлари марказининг ERA5 реанализ базасининг атмосфера ёғинлари, ҳаво ҳарорати ва шудринг нуқтаси ҳарорати маълумотларидан фойдаланилган. Жаҳон миқёсида қурғоқчиликни баҳолашда кенг қўлланилаётган SPI ва SPEI индекслари асосида 1991-2020 йилларда Ўзбекистон ҳудудида 1 ва 3 ойлик метеорологик қурғоқчиликнинг тақсимотлари миқдорий баҳоланган. Олинган натижалар республиканинг турли (чўл, воҳа ва тоғли) табиий географик шароитли ҳудудларида мазкур индекслар бўйича 70% атрофидаги ҳолларда меъёрга яқин намланиш даражаси қайд этилишини кўрсатди. Экстремал қурғоқчиликнинг такрорланувчанлиги 1 ойлик индекслар бўйича 3,0%, 3 ойлик индекслар бўйича эса 7,0% дан ошмайди. ТГК индекси бўйича республика ҳудудида асосан кучсиз ва мўътадил атмосфера қурғоқчилиги (АҚ) устуворлик қилиши аниқланди. Апрелдан сентябргача бўлган даврда экстремал АҚ фақат Навоий, Бухоро, Қашқадарё ва Сурхондарё вилоятларининг айрим ҳудудларида қайд этилади. Суғорма деҳқончилик олиб бориладиган воҳа ҳудудларида кучли ва экстремал АҚ кузатилмайди. SPI ва SPEI индекслари энг ками 1 ойлик вақт масштаби учун ҳисобланиб, ёғинлар миқдорининг ҳисоб даври ичидаги тақсимотини ҳисобга олмайди. Шу сабабли, қисқа вақт оралиқларида ҳаво ҳарорати ва намлик режимининг қишлоқ хўжалиги экинларининг физиологик ҳолатига таъсирини эътиборга олиш учун ТГК индексидан фойдаланиш тавсия этилади.

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Teglar

# Узбекистан.# Ўзбекистон.# Uzbekistan.# precipitation# засуха# ҳаво ҳарорати# температура воздуха# air temperature# қурғоқчилик# drought# SPI# шудринг нуқтаси ҳарорати# dew point temperature# ёғинлар миқдори# количество осадков# ERA5# SPEI# температура точки росы# ТГК# THC

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