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COPPER PHOSPHIDE (Cu₃P): A MODERN REVIEW OF SYNTHESIS METHODS, ELECTROCHEMICAL PROPERTIES, AND ANTICORROSION APPLICATIONS

Field of Science:Chemical Engineering (miscellaneous)GeologyMetals and Alloys
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13-article. COPPER PHOS....pdf

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ARTICLE ANNOTATION

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This review presents a comparative analysis of recent advances in the synthesis technologies, crystal structure, electrochemical properties, and anticorrosion applications of copper phosphide (Cu₃P)-based materials. Twenty peer-reviewed publications were critically evaluated to compare ionothermal, hydrothermal, mechanochemical, colloidal, vapor-phase phosphorization, and pyrometallurgical synthesis routes. The influence of synthesis strategy on phase composition, morphology, electrochemical performance, and corrosion resistance was systematically assessed. The analysis demonstrates that Cu₃P-based nanostructured materials exhibit significant potential for electrochemical energy storage, electrocatalysis, and industrial corrosion protection, making them promising multifunctional materials for sustainable engineering applications.

AUTHORS

Science ID: DTV-0225-0001

Science ID: MTV-0326-0050

Tags

# storage# properties# synthesis# recycling# methods# energy# review# materials# electrochemical# coatings# copper# phosphide# cu₃p# electrocatalysis# anticorrosion# nanostructured# pyrometallurgical

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References

[1] Aitken, J. A., Ganzha-Hazen, V., & Brock, S. L. (2005). Solvothermal syntheses of Cu₃P via reactions of amorphous red phosphorus with a variety of copper sources. J. Solid State Chem., 178(4), 970–975.

[2] Stan, M. C., et al. (2014). Cu₃P Binary Phosphide: Synthesis via Wet Mechanochemical Method and Electrochemical Behavior as Negative Electrode. Adv. Energy Mater., 4(1), 1301270.

[3] Kumar, S., et al. (2020). Three-Dimensional Graphene-Decorated Copper-Phosphide (Cu₃P@3DG) Heterostructure as an Effective Electrode for a Supercapacitor. Front. Mater., 7, 30.

[4] Wolff, A., et al. (2016). Resource-Efficient High-Yield Ionothermal Synthesis of Microcrystalline Cu₃₋xP. Inorg. Chem., 55(11), 4991–4998.

[5] Sheets, E. J., et al. (2015). An in situ phosphorus source for the synthesis of Cu₃P and subsequent conversion to Cu₃PS₄ nanoparticle clusters. J. Mater. Res., 30(21), 3125–3133.

[6] Wei, S., et al. (2017). One-Step Synthesis of a Self-Supported Copper Phosphide Nanobush for Overall Water Splitting. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 9(3), 2305–2313.

[7] Wolff, A., et al. (2018). Low-Temperature Tailoring of Cu₃₋xP – Electric Properties, Phase Transitions and Performance in Lithium-Ion Batteries. Chem. Mater., 30(21), 7111–7123.

[8] Sharopova, D. Y. (2025). Anti-Corrosive Properties of Copper Phosphide / Copper Phosphate (Cu₃(PO₄)₂) Derived from Spent Copper Plating Electrolytes. Universum: Technical Sciences, 9(138), 62–66.

[9] Zhao, M., Fang, T., Ni, L., & Shen, Y. (2022). MOF-derived inverse opal Cu₃P@C with multi-stage pore structure as the superior anode material for lithium-ion batteries. Ceramics International, 48(24), 36586–36595.

[10] Bi, M., Yang, F., Wang, T., & Guo, Z. (2023). Controllable synthesis and super electrochemical stability of copper phosphide (Cu₃P) nanosheet catalysts in nearly neutral electrolyte. Materials Chemistry and Physics, 307, 128013.

[11] Ma, X., Huang, X., & Lachgar, A. (2024). Direct Synthesis of CuP₂ and Cu₃P and Their Performance as Electrocatalysts for Hydrogen Evolution, Oxygen Evolution, and Oxygen Reduction Reactions. Solids, 5(1), 140–150.

[12] Jin, M., Zhang, Y., Liu, H., et al. (2024). Heterostructure Cu₃P–Ni₂P electrocatalyst assembled on conductive substrates for highly efficient overall water splitting. Nano Research.

[14] Harper, A. F., Evans, M. L., & Morris, A. J. (2020). Computational investigation of copper phosphides as conversion anodes for lithium-ion batteries. Chemistry of Materials, 32(14), 6004–6015.

[15] Pfeiffer, H., Tancret, F., Bichat, M.-P., Monconduit, L., Favier, F., & Brousse, T. (2004). Air stable copper phosphide (Cu₃P): A possible negative electrode material for lithium batteries. Electrochemistry Communications, 6(3), 263–267.

[16] Yakubov, M. M., Kholikulov, D. B., Sharapova, D. Y., & Boltayev, O. N. (2022). Technology for Obtaining Copper Phosphide (Cu₃P) in the Form of Solders and an Alloying Component of Copper-Based Alloys. Composite Materials, 2/2022, 165–166.

[13] Shen, H., Zhang, Q., Li, X., et al. (2023). Copper phosphide nanowires as high-performance catalysts for efficient water splitting. ACS Omega, 8, 21844–21854.

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