Seismic protection systems and methods for bridges

This article is dedicated to analyzing the design and calculation methods of specialized seismic protection systems for bridges. Currently, in seismically active regions, seismic isolation systems are considered a leading engineering solution to ensure the reliability of transport structures. In developed countries such as the USA, Japan, Italy, New Zealand, Germany, and France, elastomeric, sliding, lead, and spherical bearings are widely used to enhance the earthquake resistance of bridges. The article reviews foreign experiences, including seismic isolation devices developed by MAURER SOHNE and FIP Industriale, as well as the effectiveness of spherical bearings implemented in the San Francisco and Millau viaducts. Furthermore, the initial experience of applying seismic isolation in the metropolitan bridges built in the former Soviet Union, particularly in Tashkent, is highlighted. The article substantiates important factors in selecting seismic isolation systems for bridges and calculating their parameters, such as computational dynamic modeling, load redistribution, limitation of interbearing displacements, and optimization of damping levels, which have been subject to scientific investigation. The results of the study demonstrate the necessity of a scientifically based approach in the design of bridge seismic protection systems.