Exterior and constitutional characteristics of first-calf cows

This article presents a scientific study of the exterior and constitutional characteristics of first-calf Brown Swiss cows belonging to different breeding selections. The research was conducted on Brown Swiss cows of Austrian, German, and American breeding origin raised at a breeding farm located in Asaka district of Andijan region. During the study, the main body measurements of the animals were determined, including height at withers, rump height, oblique body length, chest depth and width, pelvic width, chest girth, and cannon bone circumference. Based on these measurements, the main body conformation indices were calculated to assess the expression of dairy type and constitutional development of the animals. The obtained results showed that first-calf Brown Swiss cows had morphometric traits typical of dairy cattle. In particular, cows of American breeding origin demonstrated higher values in several exterior traits and body conformation indices compared with their Austrian and German counterparts. This indicates their relatively higher breeding value, better body development, and promising potential for future milk productivity and herd improvement.