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The Emergence of the Mamluk Sultanate in Egypt and the Religious, Socio-Political Conditions Within the State

Field of Science:History
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THE LIGHT OF ISLAM

THE LIGHT OF ISLAM

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It is known that Mamluk sultans ruled Egypt from 1250 to 1517. This period is divided into two main stages: the Bahri Mamluks, of Turkic origin, who reigned from 1250 to 1382, and the Burji (Circassian) Mamluks, from the Caucasus, who seized the throne from 1382 to 1517. The term “Mamluk” does not simply mean “slave”; more precisely, it signifies “military slave” and was almost always used in reference to light-skinned warriors. This article primarily provides a historical and analytical review of the arrival of Turkic Mamluks in Egypt, the process of the Bahri Mamluks ascending to power, and the policies they pursued. In the politics of this period, the accession of a woman—Shajar al-Durr—to the throne caused strong discontent on the part of the Abbasid Caliph al-Muʿtaṣim, who reportedly sent a letter stating: “If there is no man in the great land of Egypt worthy of being sultan, then I shall permit you to send for one from Baghdad.” In order to resolve this situation, Shajar al-Durr married the Turkic mamluk Amīr Aybak. This event marked the beginning of the establishment of Bahri Mamluk rule in Egypt, a process examined in this study. The authority of the Mamluk sultans of Egypt increased significantly, particularly after the remaining Crusader forces were defeated and major victories were achieved over the Mongols. The article presents an analysis of Sultan Qutuz, the grandson of Khwarazmshah, who avenged his grandfather and uncle by defeating the Mongols. It also examines how his long-standing rival, al-Ẓahir Baybars, assassinated Qutuz and ascended the throne, as well as explores information concerning his lineage. Furthermore, the study highlights the accession of the Circassian Mamluks to power, the intensification of political tensions, and the political processes associated with the Ottoman Turks’ conquest of Egypt.

AUTHORS

Z.Aripova

"O`ZBEKISTON XALQARO ISLOM AKADEMIYASI" DAVLAT MUASSASASI

Tags

# sultan# Egypt# Bahri Mamluks# Burji (Circassian) Mamluks# Tulunids# Ikhshidids# Ottoman Turks# Abbasid Caliph# Slave# Mongols

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Article Identifiers

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https://eroi.uz/11.139/A026-645509

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