Social and psychological aspects of the theoretical foundations of concepts, content, and functions of political knowledge among the younger generation

In modern conditions, characterized by dynamic socio-political processes and the increasing role of information technologies, the development of political knowledge among the younger generation is of particular importance. Political knowledge is not just a set of facts and concepts, but the foundation for the formation of political culture, civic identity and active citizenship of young people. The article deals with the socio-psychological aspects of the theoretical foundations of concepts, content and functions of political knowledge in the young generation. The analysis of scientific literature allows us to define “political knowledge” as a system of ideas about the state structure, political institutions, ideologies, processes and factors that shape the political reality. The content of political knowledge includes knowledge of constitutional norms, electoral law, functioning of government bodies, political parties and movements, as well as understanding of the main political ideologies and values. The article pays special attention to the functions of political knowledge, which determine its role in the processes of youth socialization. The cognitive function provides cognition of political reality, formation of a holistic picture of the political world. The regulatory function directs the political behavior of young people, contributes to their awareness of their civil rights and obligations, the formation of legal culture. The prognostic function develops the ability to analyze political events and processes and forecast their development, while the communicative function ensures effective interaction in the political sphere, participation in discussions and debates. The paper emphasizes that the process of learning political knowledge is socially conditioned and closely related to the influence of social institutions. Family, educational institutions, mass media and the Internet environment form the information field in which political socialization of young people takes place. It is important to take into account the psychological characteristics of youth, such as high receptivity to new ideas, critical thinking, and the desire for autonomy in decision-making, which influence the nature and depth of assimilation of political information. Information technologies play a special role in modern conditions. On the one hand, they facilitate young people’s access to a wide range of political knowledge and the formation of information culture. On the other hand, the Internet space can become a source of manipulation, disinformation and propaganda, which requires the development of critical thinking skills and information literacy among young people. In conclusion, the article points to the need to develop educational programmes aimed at developing young people’s critical thinking skills, information analysis, media literacy and informed participation in public and political life. An important aspect is the development of young citizens’ resistance to manipulation and propaganda, the ability to distinguish reliable information from fakes and to form their own well-founded position on political issues.